File: ICE.AC of Disk: Disks/PDP8-Net/multos8
(Source file text)
I C E: V-6e Manual[w][d] Page[p] of[t] [f2,58,0] [m70] [1] Introduction The ICE program (Intelligent Correction Editor) is a line-oriented text editor program that provides an extremely convenient means of updating any kind of ASCII source files. It is especially convenient for updating PAGE8 programs directly from the assembled source listing. Although originally designed for use under MOS (a multi-user OS/8 supervisory program), its high throughput and extra features make it a highly attractive replacement for OS/8 EDIT. One of the main virtues of ICE is its simplicity--anyone familiar with OS/8 EDIT.SV can learn to use ICE in a matter of minutes. [1] General Features [2] High Speed Close ICE can close out files from l0 to 50 times as fast as OS/8 EDIT. On an RK05 disc, a file that would take a minute or more to close with EDIT can be closed out by ICE in a little over a second. In fact, ICE can close out a file just as fast as FOTP can copy it. [2] Line Number Recollection ICE maintains both the old and the current line numbers in a file. Additions and deletions only affect the current line number since ICE always ``remembers'' the original line numbers. This makes ICE ideal for updating files from assembled PAGE8 source listings or ACID documents. [2] Mask Characters String searches in ICE allow specification of ``mask'' charac\ters that match on some predefined characteristic (for example, match all digits, or match all alphanumeric characters etc.). [2] Edit/Deletion flags ICE can insert Edit/deletion flags on source statements. These flags are then posted by PAGE8 on the assembled source listing so that a user can readily tell which statements were modified on the last editing cycle. These flags are also processed by the ACID document generator program to facilitate maintainance and proofing of documentation. [2] Automatic file backup ICE automatically backs up files (like the `EB' command in TECO) whenever a file is closed out onto a device that already has a file with the same name. [2] Search & Replace ICE has an iterative search and replace command which makes it possible to change all occurrences of one string to another string with one command. [2] Block Save and Restore ICE has a block save/block restore feature instead of the `M' command of OS/8 EDIT. The saved block can be retained across pages in the buffer and even across different input files. This feature greatly facilitates merging or moving large blocks of text. [2] Space warning ICE informs the user of the extra number of blocks available for expan\sion of the file being edited. ICE immediately warns the user if the space allocated for the output file is insufficient to hold a copy of the original input file. This feature eliminates the annoying problem in EDIT and TECO of editing a file only to find out after much editing that there is not enough room left to close out the file. [2] CRT Terminal Support ICE is designed to support high speed CRT terminals for input as well as low speed Teletypes. If a CRT is being used, ICE will correctly erase characters (including multiple spaces generated by a TAB) from the screen. [2] Use on Time-Share Systems One of the design considerations for ICE was fast execution under a software-controlled, time-share system (where CIF and CDF instructions are being remapped by software). Under such a system, EDIT and TECO run so slowly that they become virtually unusable. ICE, on the other hand, still runs extremely fast (for example, the high-speed close is just as fast as it would be on a stand-alone system). Any users of software time-share systems will find ICE to be an absolutely indispensable aid. [1] Using the ICE program To call the ICE program, issue the follow\ing command to OS/8: R ICE[c] ICE will respond by typing an `*' to show that the COMMAND DECODER is active. Alternatively, ``ICE'' can be patched into the CCL program to support a direct call from the keyboard monitor with the `EDIT' and `CREATE' commands. (Note: in modifying CCL, note that ICE calls the COMMAND DECODER in ``special mode''). [2] Input Files ICE will allow up to five input files to be specified. No default extension is provided for by ICE since the COMMAND DECODER is called in special mode. If no input file is specified, a new file is created. [2] Output File One output file is allowed. If no output file is specified, the device and filename of the first input file is used for the output file. ICE does not permit an output file with the extension `.TM' to be used since the `TM' extension is reserved by ICE for the creation of the temporary file. For example, the command below: *RKA1:PROG.PA[c] is interpreted by ICE to mean: *RKA1:PROG.PA<RKA1:PROG.PA[c] [3] Run-time Options [4] /A Option Allow all ASCII characters to be entered from the keyboard. Normally, ICE only allows the standard 64 character set (plus CR, LF, TAB and lower case alphabetics). The /A option allows all ASCII codes to be inserted into the buffer. [4] /B Option This option inhibits the automatic file backup normally performed by ICE. If there is already a file on the output device with the same name, it will be deleted when the output file file is closed. Normally, such a file would have its extension changed to ``.BK'' to identify the old file as a backup file. [4] /C Option This option inhibits the insertion of the Edit/Deletion flags into the new source file. Whenever a line is entered or modified, ICE inserts a Control/A code (201 octal) as the first character on the line. This code is also inserted on a line that immediately follows line(s) that have been deleted. Presence of a Control/A code is used by PAGE8, ACID and other DISC OS/8 programs to identify a modified line. The /C option should ALWAYS be used if the source file is to be processed by a program that does not recognize the Edit/Deletion flags. Note that a single instruction patch to the ICE program in the field 1 initialization code can be made to reverse the meaning of this option. [4] /D Option This option inhibits ICE from reading in the first page of the file. Normally, ICE reads in the first page and then lists the first line of the file on the console. The /D option makes ICE work like OS/8 EDIT--i.e.[ ]noth\ing is read in and the text buf\fer is initially empty. [4] /F Option This option causes ICE to ignore all form feeds in the source file. After a considerable number of editing passes, form feeds and short pages may proliferate. By editing the file with the /F option all prior form feeds will be stripped and ignored. This causes the file to be completely repaged. [4] /H Option This option is normally used in conjunction with the /F option to avoid having ICE fill the page buffer too full. This option informs ICE that the page buffer should only be filled about half full. This is very convenient when large numbers of additions are antici\pated, since ICE will leave plenty of room in the page buffer each time a new page is read from the source file. [4] /P Option This option inhibits the High-speed close feature of ICE. When closing a file, ICE normally saves a considerable amount of time by padding the output file with nulls (ASCII 200 codes) to align the output file to the nearest block boundary. The remainder of the file is then copied over 15 blocks at a time in image mode. Previously generated nulls are usually stripped out on subsequent edits and are ignored by almost all OS/8 programs. If this ``null-padding'' is undesirable, the /P option reverts to a slower, character-by-character close. Note that correction flags are NOT removed from a section of a file that is being copied over in image mode. For this reason, the /P option is often used to ensure that all correction/deletion flags reflect only the current editing cycle. This option is also useful when a very small file is being edited on a frequent basis. In this case the high-speed close is unnecessary and the null-padding may increase the length of the file by a relatively large amount. [4] /R Option This option causes ICE to retain all prior correct\ion/deletion flags that are already in the source file. ICE normally strips out all the old correction/deletion flags when it reads the input file. If the /R option is used, these previous flags are retained. [4] /V Option This option causes ICE to print the built-in HELP file on the line printer rather than the console. The HELP file is auto\mati\cally printed out if there are no input nor output files specified to the OS/8 COMMAND DECODER. [4] /Z Option This option causes ICE to ignore the ASCII Control/Z code which marks the end of the file. ICE also ignores the physical end-of-file (i.e. based on the number of blocks in the file). This option makes ICE run in a mode similar to the so-called ``SUPER TECO'' and allows ICE to be used as a retrieval utility after a directory crash or inadvertent file deletion. Starting with a file before the ``lost'' file, a `Y' command with a string search can be used to locate the start of the file to be recovered. Normal commands can then be used to write the text into another output file (which for safety should definitely be on another device since the input text will be in an ``empty'' area which OS/8 could use for the output file). To close out the file, the `Q' command must then be used (the `E' command will not work properly when the /Z option is used). If the directory was damamged, simply zero the directory and create a null file with ICE or PIP. [1] Initial Messages Before reading in the first page of the input file, ICE will print the follow\ing mesage: ICE V-ny[c] where `ny' represents the current version number of the ICE program. This message is always accompanied on the next line by one of the two messages described below. [2] Normal Message nnnn EXTRA BLOCKS This message indicates that there are `nnnn' (decimal) extra blocks left for editing. The number of blocks in this message is calculated by taking the size of the allocated empty slot for the output file and then subtracting from that the length of the first input file being edited. This number is then decreased by one to account for the possible increase in the length of the file by one block which could be generated by the high-speed close. If the /P option is used, this extra block is not needed (and is not accounted for in the calculation). A value of 0 indicates that if nothing is added to the file, it will just fit. [2] Warning Message nnnn BLOCKS SHORT! This message alerts the user to the fact that the empty space allocated for the output file is `nnnn' (decimal) blocks shorter than the first input file. Unless a file is being reduced in size, this warning usually means that the user should type ^C to abort since the input file can not be closed out. Attempting to close out the output file when there is not enough room will generate an error message: see [=OUTPUT DEVICE FULL!]. [2] Other Error Messages [3] CAN'T OPEN OUTPUT FILE This message appears if the OS/8 system returns an error on the USR ENTER function. Typical errors would be device full, device write-protected, read-only device specified for output etc. [3] CAN'T LOAD HANDLER This message appears if the OS/8 system returns an error when a device handler was loaded by the ICE program. A typical error would be a non-existent device handler. [3] FILE #n NOT FOUND This message will appear when ICE could not find the nth file in the OS/8 COMMAND DECODER input file string. ICE returns to the KEYBOARD MONITOR if called by a CCL command or to the COMMAND DECODER if ICE was run directly. [1] General Error Messages While ICE is running, there are two additional error messages that can appear at any time: [2] I/O ERROR! CR=TRY AGAIN, ANYTHING ELSE=SKIP AHEAD This message appears when an OS/8 device handler signals that an I/O error has occurred. Rather than aborting to OS/8, ICE allows the user to repeat the operation or to skip over the bad block(s). If the user wishes to abort the edit, ^C can be typed at this point to return to the OS/8 Keyboard Monitor. Typing a carriage return causes the I/O option to be repeated. Another error at this point causes the message to be repeated, so the I/O function can be tried over and over again if desired. If anything else is typed, ICE skips over the bad block(s) and continues as if no error had occurred. This function of ICE can be invaluable in trying to recover a vital source file that is on an unreliable medium. [2] OUTPUT DEVICE FULL! .TM FILE CLOSED This message can occur when ICE finds no more room left for writing to the output device. The output file is closed anyway, but with the extension `.TM', and ICE returns to the OS/8 Keyboard Monitor. After this, the user can squeeze the device or delete files to gain more space. The user can then edit both the original file and the `.TM' file in order to recover almost all the corrections that had already been made. [1] ICE Command Structure [2] Positioning Elements ICE provides several types of ``positioning elements'' to facilitate finding the desired text. Most ICE commands have the form: <position element>,<position element><command>[c] The two elements specify the block of text to be affected by the command. If NO positioning elements are present, ICE defaults to the CURRENT LINE and NOT the entire buffer (as does OS/8 EDIT). If only one positioning element is provided for a command that can take two positioning elements, the second element is set equal to the first element. Before executing a command, ICE first positions the text, and then sets the internal, current-line pointer to the line marked by the second positioning element. Both positioning elements must lie in the same buffer. [3] Current line number A current line number is a decimal number that refers to the actual physical position of a line of text in the buffer. For example, `14' refers to the 14th line in the current buffer (this is identical to OS/8 EDIT). [3] Original Page and Line Number An ``original page and line number'' consists of two decimal numbers separated by a period. The first number identifies the ``page'' in the file, where a page is defined as a block of text delimited by form feeds and which usually comprises a text-buffer load. The second number is the relative line number of a line of text within that page. If the first number is omitted, it is assumed to have a value equal to the page number of the current line of the current buffer. However, if the current line was not in the original file (i.e. it was added during the current editing pass), it is illegal to omit the page number, and any attempt to do so will result in the `* P? *' message; see [=short error messages]. Note that the line number refers to the original file that is being edited--it is not necessarily the same as the current line number within the buffer. The example below should clarify this: #11L (list line 11 in current buffer) THIS IS LINE 11 #.11L (list line 11 in original file) THIS IS LINE 11 #10D (delete line 10 in current buf\fer) #11L (line 11 is now the old line 12) THIS IS LINE 12 #.11L (list line 11 of original file) THIS IS LINE 11 #10L (list line 10 of current file) THIS IS LINE 11 #.10L (list line 10 of original file) * L? * (but it doesn't exist any more) # [2] Current line As with OS/8 EDIT, a period represents the current line and may be followed by a plus or minus sign and a decimal number: `.-3L' will list the line three lines before the current line and will update the internal line pointer in ICE to point to the new current line. If a period is immediately followed by a command, it is assumed to refer to the current line. This means that the ICE command `.L' is actually equivalent to the OS/8 EDIT command `.L'. This convention was made to assist users in switching from EDIT to ICE. [2] Default Position If no positioning element is provided for a command, ICE defaults to the current line. This is the opposite of OS/8 EDIT which defaults to the entire buffer. For example, in ICE, the command `L' alone simply lists the current line (and not the entire buffer as would be the case in EDIT). This convention was adopted to reduce the number of key-strokes normally needed for commands. [2] Last line The last line in the buffer may be represented by the letter `Z'. For example, the command `ZL' lists the last line in the buffer. Arithmetic is not currently allowed with the `Z'. [2] First Section The letter `F' represents the first section of the buffer which covers all text from line one up to and including the current line. This means that to list from line 1 to the current line, the command `FL' may be used instead of `1,.L'. [2] Last Section The letter `L' may be used to represent the last section of the buffer which covers all text from the current line to the last line in the buffer. For example, to list all text from the current line to the end of the buffer, the command `LL' may be used instead of `.,ZL'. [2] All Text As a substitute for the string `1,Z', the letter `A' may be used to represent all the text in the buffer. For example, the command `AL' lists all the text in the buffer. [2] Context Position The letter `C' may be used as a substitute for the string `.[-]x,.+x' which is often used on a list command to examine the context around the current line. The value of `x' for the Context Position is defaulted to 3 but may be changed to any other value with the `=' command: see [=set context count]. This positioning element can only be used on the listing commands. An important feature of the context positioning element is that the internal line pointer is NOT moved. For example, the two commands below are nearly identical: #.-3,.+3L #CL The only difference is that on the second command, ICE leaves the internal line pointer untouched whereas in the first example above, the line pointer would have been moved three lines down. This feature is especially useful on fast CRTs for double-checking that a line has been inserted in the correct place, or for quickly finding out the context surrounding a line. [2] Search strings A search string consists of a string of text enclosed in slash characters. To search for and list the first line containing the string `TAD', the command would be: #/TAD/L[c] Any character can appear in the text string except the up-arrow and the slash character itself--these are handled specially. A number of special, two-character sequences can also be employed to match any one, or a group of characters at that position in the string. The table below shows the special significance attached to these two-character sequences: ^A Matches any alphanumeric character (A-Z, or 0-9) ^B Matches any alphabetic character (A-Z) ^C Matches an end-of-line code (CR/LF sequence) ^D Matches any decimal digit (0-9) ^O Matches any octal digit (0-7) ^S Matches any separator (i.e. any character other than an alpha\numeric character. This is the opposite of ^A). ^V Matches any number of characters until the next charac\ter fol\lowing the `^V' matches. ^X Matches any character EXCEPT the character that immedi\ately fol\lows the `^X'. ^^ Matches the up-arrow character. ^/ Matches the slash character. ^? Matches any character in this position. The ^V sequence permits an unanchored search to occur in the middle of a string. For example, the command below would match any string of text that begins with the letter `X' and ends with an octal digit: #/^SX^V^O/L[c] ICE always remembers the last strings that were used in a command (i.e. both the starting and the ending strings). Two slashes in a row (a null string) indicate that ICE is to re-use the most recently specified string in that position. Consider the follow\ing examples: #/TAD/L List a line with `TAD' in it. #//L List next line with `TAD' in it. #/TADA/,/TADB/L List a block of text from the line with `TADA' to the line with `TADB'. #//,//L Lists the next block of text meeting the same criteria as the line immediately above. If a comma separates the search strings (or there is just one string), the search is from line one of the current buffer. If a semicolon follows the first string, the search begins with the current line. If a match is not found, the current buffer is written out (except if the associated command is the `Y' command: [=position without writing text]) and the follow\ing buffer load of text is searched. This process continues until the string is found, or until the end-of-file is encountered. Note that a default search (i.e. using `//') always continues from one line past the current line. If a colon follows the first string, the search is confined to the current buffer. In the event that no match is found, ICE will return the `*[ ]S?[ ]*' error message but will not leave the current buffer. [1] ICE Commands In all of the commands below, <pe> represents a positioning element as previously described (line number, original page/line number, search string or special character. Remember that if the positioning element is omitted, the current line is assumed as a default. [2] Append Text <pe>A Identical to the INSERT command: [=Insert text] except that the insert is made after the speci\fied line. [2] Block Save <pe>,<pe>B The specified block of text is copied to a separate area of memory and the block is then deleted from the text buffer. Any previously saved block of text is overwritten at this time. [2] Change Text <pe>,<pe>C This is combination of the `D' and `I' commands. The specified block of text is deleted, and ICE enters text mode to replace the deleted block of text. [2] Delete Text <pe>,<pe>D The specified block of text is deleted from the text buffer. As with all commands that delete text, garbage collection takes place automati\cally to recover the now unused space. [2] End file E Text in the current buffer is written to the output file. The remainder of the input file is then copied over into the output file, the output file is closed and ICE returns to the OS/8 Monitor. For more information on the close operation, see [=/P Option]. [2] File Select <pe>F <pe> is a number from 1 to 5 which selects the next input file for continuing the edit cycle. The current text buffer is cleared, and the first page of the selected file is then read into the text buffer. This command can be repeated any number of times, and the user can step backwards or forwards without any restric\tions. [2] Get Line with Label <pe>G Starting with the specified line, ICE scans for a line that has a character other than an asterisk, slash, blank, TAB or Carriage return as the first character on the line. This line is then listed, and the internal text pointer is updated to this line. If the `G' command is given alone, the search begins with the follow\ing line. [2] Insert Text <pe>I Ice enters text mode to allow insertion of text immediately before the specified line. Any number of lines of text can be entered. [2] Juxtapose Text Strings <pe>,<pe>J In this command, both <pe>'s represent text strings. The first <pe> represents the string of text which ICE is to locate. The second <pe> represents the string of text which is to replace the first string. If a comma or semi\colon separates the two strings, the text replacement starts in the current buffer and then iterates until the end of file is reached, at which point, the *[ ]EF[ ]* message appears. If a colon is used as the separator character, the text replacement only takes place in the current buffer. All occurrences of the first string in the current buffer are replaced even if the string occurs several times within the same line. [2] Block Restore <pe>K The saved block of text from a prior `B' command [=Block save] is inserted immediately in front of the specified line. The saved block of text is not affected [-][-] another `K' command would cause the same block of text to be inserted again. If there is not enough room in the current buffer to insert the block, ICE will insert as many lines as possible and then ring the bell before returning to command mode. [2] List Text on Console <pe>,<pe>L The specified block of text is listed on the console. [2] List Modified Text <pe>,<pe>M The specified block of text is scanned to find all lines that have the correction/deletion flag set. These lines are then listed on the console. The listed lines are preceded with their current line number within the buffer, followed by a hash (#) character. This makes it possible to quickly scan all the statements that have been entered on the current editing cycle. [2] Next Page <pe>N The current buffer is written to the output file and the next page of the input file is read in. If <pe> is provided, it is used as a count of the number of times this command is to be executed. It is NOT treated as a positioning element. [2] Write text out <pe>,<pe>P The specified block of text is written to the output file and then deleted from the text buffer. The command `P' alone is considered invalid (to prevent accidental errors by people used to EDIT.SV) although the command `.P' is permitted. [2] Quit edit with current page Q This command is identical to the `E' command [=end file] except that the remainder of the input file is NOT copied over to the output file. The current text buffer, however, is written out to the output file before closing the output file. [2] Read Page <pe>R If <pe> is omitted, the next page of text in the file is read and appended to the end of the text in the current buffer. Text in the current buffer is NOT lost. If <pe> is present, it specifies the maximum number of lines to be read into the buffer. For example, the command `12R' means that ICE can read up to a maximum of 12 additional lines from the input file into the current buffer. ICE will always stop when a form feed character is found. The positioning element provides a convenient way of adding more text to the current buffer without the danger of filling up the text buffer too full. [2] Search Line <pe>S This operation is somewhat similar to the line search feature of OS/8 EDIT. After this command is issued, ICE waits for the search character to be typed (the search character is not echoed). After the search character is typed, ICE echoes each character on the line until the search character is found. Once found, new characters can be typed and inserted at that point, or special control characters can be used: LF Echo back the entire line, elim\inating all rubout codes (for non-CRT terminals) CR Close off the current line at this point and return to command mode. Control/L Find the next occurrence of the specified search character. Control/G Allow a new search character to be entered after the Control/G and continue the search for it. Typing two Control/G's in a row provides the normal way of allowing the remainder of the line to be copied over. ALT or ESC Echo and copy over the next character on the line regardless of what it is. Control/K Delete the word/field to the left of the current position. Control/P Abort the line search, return to command mode and leave the line unchanged. Rubout Delete one character to the left of the current position. [2] List Text on Printer <pe>,<pe>V This command is identical to the `V' command except that the specified block of text is listed on the line printer. ICE assumes the presence of a line printer on device address 66. Note that the standard OS/8 line printer handler is NOT used for this command, so there may be some difficulty if the printer is not on a standard interface. [2] Where is the Pointer? W ICE prints out three values as shown below: C=aaa `aaa' represents the current physical line in the buffer where ICE's internal line pointer is located. L=bbb `bbb' represents the line number of the last line in the buffer and is therefore the count of the number of lines of text in the buffer. S=ccc `ccc' represents the space left in the buffer in terms of the number of charac\ter positions that are still free. Note that for each line, two character posi\tions are used for the original page/line number information. [2] Delete text with verification <pe>,<pe>X This command is identical to the `L' command [=List Text on console], except that after listing the block of text, ICE prints ``DELETE?'' at which point typing a `Y' deletes that block of text just as if a `D' command had been used. Typing any other character causes ICE to return to command mode without deleting the block of text. This is the normal way of deleting text when a CRT is used for editing since the user can always verify that the correct block of text is being deleted. [2] Position without writing Text <pe>,<pe>Y This command is identical to the `L' command [=List Text on console], except that when it is time to write out the input buffer (during the search for the positioning element), nothing is written to the output file--the current buffer is always zeroed before reading in the next page of the input file. This command is commonly used in conjunction with the `F' command [=file select] when text is being merged from another file. [2] Set Context Count <pe>= In this command, <pe> represents the number of lines to be listed on either side of the current line when the `CL' command is used. The default value for the count is 3. [2] List previous line < This command must be entered as the first character on the line in command mode. No carriage return is needed since ICE immediately lists the previous line, updates the internal pointer and returns to command mode. [2] List next line > This command is identical to the < command except that ICE lists the next line in the buffer. [1] Function Keys The follow\ing function keys are always available in both text and command mode and perform the follow\ing functions: [2] Rubout key The rubout key deletes the character immediately to the left of the current position. For each character deleted, ICE prints out the contents of `DELCHAR' which is normally assembled to contain the sequence: Control/H, space, Control/H (since Control/H is the standard ASCII code for a backspace). If a CRT console is not available, DELCHAR should be patched to contain a single backslash character. If the line is empty, the Rubout key will be ignored. [2] Control/K Key The control/K key deletes all characters immediately to the left of the current position until a space or TAB code is found. For each character that is deleted, ICE prints out the contents of DELCHAR as described above. If a TAB code is being deleted, ICE prints this sequence out for each space code that was originally generated by the TAB. This feature is provided for CRTs since it ensures that the cursor is always positioned correctly and that subsequent TAB codes are reconstituted correctly. If the character immediately to the left of the current position is a TAB or space code, it will be deleted before the check is made for the terminating space or TAB. In editing normal text, the ^K key has the effect of a ``word delete.'' In editing programs, the ^K key has the effect of a ``field delete'' key. [2] TAB key The TAB key (Control/I) automatically generates the appropriate number of space codes to reach the next tab stop on the console. For this purpose, fixed tab stops are assumed at every 8 positions on the line. TAB codes conserve space since the multiple spaces are only generated on list commands and are not stored into the buffer. Care must be taken in performing searches since a TAB code is not considered to be equivalent to a blank. [2] Control/N key The control/N key causes ICE to print the contents of `FP'. This function is essentially a user-defined function since `FP' can be patched to contain up to a 22 character sequence to be generated with a single keystroke. ICE is normally assembled with the sequence: <Escape><E> which performs an erase screen function on some CRTs. [2] Escape or Altmode key The Escape or Altmode keys (ASCII codes 233, 375, 376) are all changed to an ASCII Escape code (233). Whenever an Escape code is to be printed on the console or printer, it is changed to a `$' character in order to make it visible. This also avoids causing a problem with terminals that respond to special Escape sequences when Escape characters are echoed on the console prior to their entry into the text buffer. [2] Control/U Key Typing Control/U causes ICE to echo `^U' and delete all the text on the current line. ICE moves down one line to allow a new line to be entered. [2] Line Feed Key The line feed key is provided as a convenience for users who do not have a CRT console. The line feed key causes the current line to be echoed back on the console with all rubout codes and deleted characters removed (in a manner similar to the OS/8 Keyboard Monitor). [2] Carriage Return Key The carriage return key always closes off the current line and causes a CR/LF sequence to be sent to the console. In command mode, this key causes ICE to execute the command that was entered. Typing a Carriage Return alone in command mode causes ICE to move down a line and stay in command mode. [2] Control/L Key This key causes ICE to return to command mode if it was currently in text mode. If ICE was already in command mode, this key function likes Control/U except that ICE remains on the same line. [2] Control/O Key This key causes any printing to stop (viz. from an `L', `V' or `M' command etc.). Also, if ICE is searching for a positioning element, it will abort the search and return to command mode. The check for ^O is made every time ICE goes to write and read a page of text. The ^O key is also used to set the special software latch governing the use of lower case characters in the text: [=Control/o latch]. [2] Control/C Key The control/C key causes an immediate return to the OS/8 monitor if ICE was in command mode. If ICE was in text mode, ICE returns to command mode first. To exit from text mode, therefore, ^C must be typed twice. [p30] [1] Use of Lower Case Characters ICE also contains rather special features for handling console terminals that can generate both upper and lower case ASCII character codes. If the /A option is NOT used, ICE will still allow lower case alphabetic characters to be entered from the console. However, the lower case letters will normally be folded to upper case before insertion into the text buffer and before being echoed on the console. The features below can be used to provide elegant documentation of PAGE8 programs since PAGE8 will allow lower case characters in comment fields. To facilitate use of lower case characters, there are two special rules that govern the way in which ICE handles these characters: [2] Control/O Latch Whenever a Carriage Return is struck, ICE sets the `lower-case latch' to force subsequent lower case characters to be folded to upper case. However, if Control/O is struck, the latch is reset in order to allow lower case characters to be entered for the remainder of that line. [2] Slash or Asterisk If the first character on the line is a slash or asterisk and ICE is in text mode, ICE automatically resets the lower-case latch to immediately allow lower case characters to be entered without being folded. [p] [1] Short Error Messages * L# * Syntax error in line number * L? * Line number not found (or already passed by) * S? * Text string not found on search (when a colon is used as the separating character) * S# * Syntax error in search string (missing slash at the end of the string, or undefined code after the ^ character). * EF * End of file reached in the input file. * UC * Undefined Command * RM * No more room in the page buffer for entry of text. This message indicates that the last line typed in has been discarded owing to a lack of space in the main text buffer. * F? * File not found on `F' command. There was no input file specified in that position. * F# * Syntax error in file number on `F' command. * CL * Close error: OS/8 returned an error when the USR CLOSE function was issued by ICE. Also caused if an attempt is made to create an output file with the extension `.TM', see [=output file]. * P# * Syntax error in page number (original page/line number positioning element). * P? * Page number not found (or already passed). * ,; * Bad separator between positioning elements, or some other kind of syntax error in the command. [p] [1] Notes on Using the ICE Program Notice that ICE automatically searches for a positioning element by executing implicit `N' commands (unless the `Y' command was used). Several examples are provided below to assist the user in seeing how ICE operates. [2] Example #1 Consider, for example, that the only change needed in a source program is to delete line 56 on page 37 of the source file (a PAGE8 source listing might have indicated the extraneous line at 1.37.56). .ED DEV:FILE ICE V-6A 127 EXTRA BLOCKS FILE PROGRAM TEST4 8/11/76 #37.56D #E . Note that it is not necessary to issue commands to find the right page and line number since all ICE commands allow the positioning to be executed as part of the command itself. [2] Example #2 Insert page 2 of `FILEB' as the third page of `FILEA' .ED DEV:FILEA,FILEB ICE V-6A 12 EXTRA BLOCKS FILE FILEA -- TEST FILE #2N [[]write first 2 pages of FILEA[]] #2F [[]select FILEB now[]] #N [[]write out page 1 of FILEB[]] #1F [[]Get back to FILEA now[]] #3.1Y [[]skip to page 3 in FILEA[]] #E [[]and close it out[]] [2] Example #3 Move lines 10 through 15 in the current buffer to just before line 45 on page 33 of the input file. #10,15B [[]Save lines 10-15 of the current buffer in the save area[]] #33.45K [[]find line 45 of page 33 and then insert the saved block of text just before that line[]] [2] Example #4 This example is just the same as the above except that we want to copy the lines over (i.e. we don't want those lines erased from the current page). #10,15B [[]Save lines 10-15 as before[]] #K [[]Restore them back now in their original position[]] #33.45K [[]now do the insert as before[]] [2] Example #5 This is the same as example #3 [=example #3] except that lines 10-15 have to be moved from page 40 (i.e. from a later point in the file). #40.10Y [[]Skip to line 10 in page 40 2H JMS SUBR... [[]Line 10, page 40 is listed[]] #.10,.15B [[]desired block of text is saved[]] #1F [[]Return to 1st page of file now[]] #33.45K [[]Insert the block of text just before line 45 in page 33[]] #40.10,40.15D [[]Now delete the lines we copied over[]] [1] ICE Memory Map Field 0 0-6577 ICE editor program and messages 6600-7577 Input/Output Device driver area Field 1 0-377 1 block buffer for input file 400-777 1 block buffer for output file 1000-1077 Save area for string positioning ele\ments 1100-7577 Main text buffer. On intial load, con\tains the intialization code and the HELP file. The text buffer utilizes the right 8 bits for the ASCII code and the left four bits as flag bits (correct\ion/deletion flag, original page/line number flags etc.). Field 2 0-7577 Block save area for the `B' and `K' commands Note that if the `B' and `K' commands are not used, ICE will run in 8k of memory. Otherwise, 12k of memory is required.