File: HELP07.HF of Tape: Sources/Focal/s4
(Source file text)
***** FUNCTIONS:
FOR MOST FUNCTIONS, A SAMPLE LINE IS SHOWN AND THEN EXECUTED:
FABS( ) ABSOLUTE VALUE
EXAMPLE (WRITTEN THEN EXECUTED):
03.40 TYPE FABS(-3),FABS(2),!!!!
3.0000 2.0000
FATN( ) ARCTANGENT ARGUMENT RANGE: 0<A<10^6
05.25 TYPE FATN(1),!!!!;COM: OUTPUTS RADIAN ANGLE WHOSE TANGENT = 1.00
PRECISION DOES NOT EXCEED 6 DIGITS AND DROPS FOR NEAR-ZERO ARGUMENTS
0.7854
ANOTHER WAY TO GET THIS NUMBER IS: TYPE PI/4$ 0.7854
------- TANGENT 'FTAN( )' IS NOT AVAILABLE
TANGENT IS COMPUTED AS THE QUOTIENT (SINE/COSINE)
05.55 TYPE FSIN(1)/FCOS(1),!!!!;COMMENT: OUTPUTS TANGENT OF 1 RADIAN
1.5574
(COULD BE IMPLEMENTED IN ANOTHER OVERLAY LIKE FCARIT
- - - IF SOMEBODY FEELS LIKE IT!!!)
FCOS( ) COSINE
06.27 TYPE FCOS(1),FCOS(3/2),!!!!; COM: OUTPUTS COSINES OF 1 & 1.5 RADIANS
0.5403 0.0707
FEXP( ) EXPONENTIAL
08.24 TYPE FEXP(1),FEXP(2.17),!!!!; COM: NATURAL BASE TO THE POWER (X)
2.7183 8.7583
FITR( ) INTEGER
SERIOUS ROUNDING ERRORS OCCUR FOR NUMBERS OF MORE THAN 5 DIGITS.
THE PROBLEM MAY BE HANDLED BY ADDING EMPIRICAL CONSTANTS TO THE
ARGUMENT.
09.18 TYPE FITR(3/2),FITR(23.719),FITR(-2.99),!!!!
1.0000 23.0000 - 2.0000
FLOG( ) NATURAL LOGARITHM
10.14 TYPE FLOG(1),FLOG(4.237),FLOG(10),!!!!
0.0000 1.4439 2.3026
FRAN( ) RANDOM NUMBER
11.22 TYPE FRAN( ),FRAN( ),FRAN( ),FRAN( ),FRAN( ),!
0.5255 0.9827 0.2605 0.0001 0.5004
THE PSEUDO-RANDOM NUMBERS PRODUCED ARE PART OF A VERY LONG AND WELL
DISTRIBUTED BUT DETERMINISTIC SERIES.
HOWEVER,FRAN( ) DOES NOT GENERATE TRULY RANDOM NUMBERS.
FSGN( ) SIGN
12.34 T %1.0 FSGN(2.78)," ",FSGN(-299)," ",FSGN(0)," ",FSGN(-1),!!!!
1 -1 0 -1
FSIN( ) SINE OF AN ANGLE GIVEN IN RADIANS
13.52 TYPE FSIN(1),FSIN(0),FSIN(37-2.22),!!!!
0.8415 0.0000 - 0.2207
FSQT( ) SQUARE ROOT OF A POSITIVE NUMBER
14.40 TYPE FSQT(4),FSQT(391),FSQT(.0038953),!!!!
2.0000 19.7737 0.0624
FIN( ) CHARACTER INPUT FUNCTION
ASKS FOR A CHARACTER FROM THE TERMINAL (OR A FILE); EXAMPLE:
09.14 SET X=FIN( )
SETS X TO THE DESCIMAL ASCII CODE OF THE INPUT CHARACTER
ANOTHER WAY OF LOOKING AT THE TERMINAL IS VIA THE SECRET
VARIABLE $. THIS VARIABLE IS THE TELETYPE INPUT BUFFER AND THUS
IT CAN BE GLANCED AT DURING PROGRAM EXECUTION,
WITHOUT STALLING IT.
FOUT( ) CHARACTER OUTPUT FUNCTION
EXAMPLE:
09.25 SET A=FOUT(X)
OUTPUTS THE CHARACTER WHOSE CODE EQUALS X
CONTROL CHARACTERS ARE NORMALLY CONVERTED TO THE ^X FORM
WHEN DOING OUTPUT TO THE TTY:. THIS FEATURE CAN BE INHIBITED
BY ISSUEING AN O I TTY: (WITHOUT ,E!!!)
IF AN 'L' WERE TYPED IN RESPONSE TO LINE 9.14, X WOULD BE SET
EQUAL TO 204. THEN LINE 9.25 WOULD CAUSE AN 'L' TO BE OUTPUT.
THE 'A' ON LINE 9.25 IS A DUMMY VARIABLE.
FIND( ) CHARACTER SEARCH FUNCTION
LOOKS FOR ASCII CHARACTER WITH SPECIFIED CODE IN AN
INPUT STREAM. EXAMPLE:
1.1 O I TEXT,E
1.2 S Z=FIND(154)
1.3 O I TTY:,E;Q
THIS ECHOES FILE TEXT.FD FROM DSK: ON THE TERMINAL
UP TO ^Z. (END OF FILE: DECIMAL CODE 154)
DECIMAL ASCII CODES:
FOR FIN( ) AND FOUT( ):
CODE CHARACTER CD. CHAR. CD. CHAR.
---- ----------- --- ----- --- -----
128 CTRL/SHFT/P 160 SPACE 193 A
(LEADER) 161 ! 194 B
129 CTRL/A 162 " 195 C
130 CTRL/B 163 # 196 D
131 CTRL/C 164 $ 197 E
132 CTRL/D 165 % 198 F
133 CTRL/E 166 & 199 G
134 CTRL/F 167 ' 200 H
135 CTRL/G(BELL) 168 ( 201 I
136 CTRL/H(BACKSP) 169 ) 202 J
137 CTRL/I(HORTAB) 170 * 203 K
138 LINE FEED 171 + 204 L
139 CTRL/K 172 , 205 M
140 CTRL/L(FORMF) 173 - 206 N
141 RETURN 174 . 207 O
142 CTRL/N(CRONLY) 175 / 208 P
143 CTRL/O 176 0 209 Q
144 CTRL/P 177 1 210 R
145 CTRL/Q 178 2 211 S
146 CTRL/R 179 3 212 T
147 CTRL/S 180 4 213 U
148 CTRL/T 181 5 214 V
149 CTRL/U 182 6 215 W
150 CTRL/V 183 7 216 X
151 CTRL/W 184 8 217 Y
152 CTRL/X 185 9 218 Z
153 CTRL/Y 186 : 219 [
154 CTRL/Z(EOF) 187 ; 220 \
155 CTRK/SHFT/K 188 < 221 ]
156 CTRL/SHFT/L(ESC)189 = 222 ^
157 CTRL/SHFT/M 190 > 223 _
158 CTRL/SHFT/N 191 ? 253 ALT MODE
159 CTRL/SHFT/O 192 @ 255 RUBOUT
FOUT(141) WILL OUTPUT A RETURN/LINE FEED; FOUT(142) WILL OUTPUT A
CARRIAGE RETURN ONLY. CODE 143,144 (CTRL/O,P) ARE FOS8'S BREAK CHARACTERS.
224 THROUGH 250 ARE LOWER-CASE LETTERS ON SOME TERMINALS. MANY
TERMINALS USE SHIFT/K, /L, AND /M FOR '[', '\', AND ']'.