File: RUNOFF.RO of Tape: Various/Decus/decus-4
(Source file text)
.! RUNOFF.RO -- RUNOFF DOCUMENTATION
.!.OVER 5,14.HEADER ALTER
.! CLYDE G. ROBY, JR.
.! DEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOPHYSICS
.! WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER
.! MORGANTOWN, WEST VIRGINIA
.! CURRENT VERSION THOMAS W. MCINTYRE
.! REVISED DOCUMENT 4 MARCH 1976
.PAGE TOP 1,1
.PAR 0
.PAGE SIZE 64
.MARGINS 5,75
.FLAG CAPITALIZE "
.HEADER SPLIT BOTTOM MIXED ROMAN
.CHAPTER "OS/8#RUNOFF#V6
.SKIP 10
.C;"RUNOFF
.S 5
.C;^CLYDE ^G. ^ROBY, ^JR.
.C;AND ^THOMAS ^W. ^MC^INTYRE
.C;^DEPARTMENT OF ^PHYSIOLOGY AND ^BIOPHYSICS
.C;^WEST ^VIRGINIA ^UNIVERSITY ^MEDICAL ^CENTER
.C;^MORGANTOWN, ^WEST ^VIRGINIA 26505
.S -10
.C;^DOCUMENT ^VERSION 6
.PAGE
.NF
.SUBTITLE "TABLE#OF#CONTENTS
.S 2;"CHAPTER 1 ^OPERATION
.LS
1.1 ^RUNNING "RUNOFF
1.2 ^DEFAULT ^EXTENSIONS
1.3 ^COMMAND ^LINE ^OPTIONS
.ELS
.S 2;"CHAPTER 2 ^GENERAL ^FEATURES
.LS
2.1 ^SOURCE ^FILE
.LS
2.1.1 ^COMMAND ^LINES
2.1.2 ^FILLING
.LS
2.1.2.1 ^SPECIAL ^EFFECTS
2.1.2.2 ^LINE ^BREAKS
.ELS
2.1.3 ^PAGES
.ELS
2.2 ^^UPPER AND LOWER CASE INFORMATION\\
.LS
2.2.1 ^CASE ^CONTROL
2.2.2 ^CASE ^LOCK
2.2.3 ^CASE ^LOGIC
.ELS
2.3 ^SPECIAL ^CHARACTERS
.LS
2.3.1 "UNDERSCORING
2.3.2 "FORCED#SPACE
2.3.3 "QUOTE
2.3.4 "HYPHENATION
2.3.5 "CAPITALIZE
2.3.6 "FIRSTCAPITALIZE
2.3.7 "INDEX
2.3.8 ^LONG ^LINES
.ELS;.ELS
"CHAPTER 3 ^USING "RUNOFF
.LS
3.1 ^USING THIS ^MANUAL
3.2 ^DOCUMENT ^SETUP
3.3 ^CONVENIENCE ^COMMANDS
3.4 ^LETTER ^EXAMPLE
3.4 ^LARGE ^DOCUMENTS
3.6 ^ERROR ^CORRECTION
3.7 ^FALSE ^ERRORS
.ELS
"CHAPTER 4 ^COMMANDS
.LS
4.1 ^COMMAND ^SYNTAX
.LS
4.1.1 ^NEGATED ^COMMANDS
4.1.2 ^COMMAND ^ARGUMENTS
4.1.2.1 ^RELATIVE ^ARGUMENTS
4.1.2.2 ^EXCESS ^ARGUMENTS
4.1.3 ^COMMAND ^ABBREVIATIONS
4.1.4 ^ILLEGAL ^COMMANDS
.ELS
4.2 ^FORMATTING ^COMMANDS
.LS
4.2.1 "BREAK
4.2.2 "SKIP
4.2.3 "BLANK
4.2.4 "FIGURE
.LS
4.2.4.1 "FIGURE#DEFERRED
.ELS
4.2.5 "INDENT
4.2.6 "PARAGRAPH
.LS
4.2.6.1 "AUTOPARAGRAPH
.ELS
4.2.7 "PAGE
.LS
4.2.7.1 "TEST#PAGE
4.2.7.2 ^CONTDITIONAL ^PAGE ^SKIP
.ELS;.ELS
4.3 ^MODE ^SETTING
.LS
4.3.1 "JUSTIFY
4.3.2 "FILL
4.3.3 ^NORMAL ^USAGE
4.3.4 ^JUSTIFY ^ONLY
4.3.5 "NOFILL AND "BREAK
.ELS
4.4 ^SENTENCE ^RECOGNITION
.LS
4.4.1 ^END OF ^SENTENCE ^SPACING
4.4.2 "PERIOD
4.4.3 ^AUTOMATIC ^SENTENCE ^CAPITALIZATION
4.4.4 "AUTOCAPITALIZE
.ELS
4.5 ^RUNNING ^HEADS
.LS
4.5.1 ^GENERAL
4.5.2 ^HEADER ^LINE
.LS
4.5.2.1 ^HEADER ^GROUPS
4.5.2.2 ^HEADER ^CONTENTS
4.5.2.3 "HEADER
.ELS
4.5.3 ^VERTICAL ^FORMATTING
.LS
4.5.3.1 "PAGE#TOP
4.5.3.2 "PAGE#BOTTOM
.ELS
4.5.4 ^TEXT ^BUFFERS
.LS
4.5.4.1 ^TITLE ^LINE
4.5.4.2 "SUBTITLE
4.5.4.3 "CHAPTER
.ELS
4.5.5 ^NUMBERING
.LS
4.5.5.1 "NUMBER
4.5.5.2 "SUBPAGE
4.5.5.3 "PAGING
.ELS;.ELS
4.6 ^PARAMETER ^SETTINGS
.LS
4.6.1 ^MARGINS
.LS
4.6.1.1 "LEFT#MARGIN
4.6.1.2 "RIGHT#MARGIN
4.6.1.3 "MARGINS
4.6.1.4 "PAPER#SIZE
4.6.1.5 "OVER
4.6.1.6 "DOWN
.ELS
4.6.2 ^TABS
.LS
4.6.2.1 "TAB#STOPS
4.6.2.2 "TABS#QUOTE
4.6.2.3 ^TAB ^REFERENCE
.ELS
4.6.3 ^INDENTED ^TEXT
.LS
4.6.3.1 "LIST
4.6.3.2 "NOTE
.ELS
4.6.4 "SPACING
.ELS
4.7 ^FLAG ^CHARACTERS
.LS
4.7.1 ^GENERAL
4.7.2 "FLAG
4.7.3 "FLAGS#ALL
.ELS
4.8 ^TEXT ^PLACEMENT
.LS
4.8.1 ^GENERAL
4.8.2 ^CENTERING
4.8.3 "LEFT
4.8.4 "RIGHT
4.8.5 "FOOTNOTE
.ELS
4.9 ^MISCELLANEOUS
.LS
4.9.1 "UPPER#CASE
4.9.2 "LOWER#CASE
4.9.3 "CONTROL#CHARACTERS
4.9.4 "COMMENT
4.9.5 "RESET
.ELS
.ELS
.TP 10
"CHAPTER 5 ^ERROR ^MESSAGES
.LS
5.1 ^ERROR ^FORMAT
5.2 ^ERROR ^CODES
.ELS
"APPENDIX#A#RUNOFF ^STANDARDS
.S;"APPENDIX#B ^COMMAND ^DEFAULTS
.S;APPENDIX#C ^PATCHES FOR ^OPTIONS
.S;"APPENDIX#D ^COMMAND ^LIST
.S;"APPENDIX#E ^HASSLE "MODIFICATIONS TO "RUNOFF
.SUBTITLE
.F
.PAGE
.S 10
.C;"PREFACE
.AUTOPARAGRAPH
THIS DOCUMENT DESCRIBES "RUNOFF, VERSION 6.
THE DOCUMENT IS AN ACCURATE DESCRIPTION OF "RUNOFF AS OF ^JUNE 1977.
THIS PROGRAM HAS BEEN EXTENSIVELY REVISED (BY "TMC) FROM THE PROGRAM "PRINTR.
THERE HAS BEEN AN ATTEMPT TO BRING THE PROGRAM INTO CLOSE ALIGNMENT WITH THE "DEC"SYSTEM-10 VERSION OF "RUNOFF AND THE NAME HAS BEEN CHANGED
TO REFLECT THAT EFFORT.
"OS/8 "RUNOFF IS NOT, HOWEVER, A PROPER SUBSET OF THE "DEC"SYSTEM-10 VERSION.
THERE ARE SOME COMMANDS IN THIS VERSION NOT FOUND IN THE "DEC"SYSTEM-10 VERSION AND SOME OF THE IMPLEMENTED COMMANDS HAVE A SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT INTERPRETATION.
THESE DIFFERENCES AND MAJOR COMMANDS NOT YET IMPLEMENTED IN THIS VERSION ARE DISCUSSED IN "APPENDIX#A.
IF THERE IS ANYTHING UNCLEAR OR QUESTIONABLE IN THIS DOCUMENT OR THE
PROGRAM IT DESCRIBES, PLEASE INFORM THE AUTHOR SO THAT REVISIONS
AND CORRECTIONS MAY BE MADE.
.S 2;.I 30;^THOMAS ^W. ^MC^INTYRE
.I 30;^MORGANTOWN, "WV
.I 30;^JUNE 1977
.PAGE 1
.S 4;.C;"OS/8#RUNOFF
.S 2
.C;^INTRODUCTION
.S 3
.AUTOPARAGRAPH
"RUNOFF IS A PROGRAM WHICH RUNS UNDER "PS/8, "OS/8, OR
"DECSYSTEM-8 TO FACILITATE THE PREPARATION OF TYPED OR
PRINTED MANUSCRIPTS, SUCH AS MEMORANDUMS, MANUALS, THESES, ETC.
THE USER PREPARES HIS MATERIAL ON ANY TERMINAL, AND WRITES IT
ONTO A FILE USING "TECO, "EDIT, "SCROLL, OR ANY OTHER EDITOR
AVAILABLE TO THE USER.
THE USER INCLUDES NOT ONLY TEXTUAL MATERIAL,
BUT ALSO CASE AND FORMATTING INFORMATION.
"RUNOFF THEN TAKES THE FILE AND REPRODUCES IT ONTO
THE LINE PRINTER, TELETYPE OR OTHER FILE TO PRODUCE A FINAL COPY
OR FINAL FILE IMAGE.
IT PERFORMS THE FORMATTING AND CASE SHIFTING AS DIRECTED,
AND WILL ALSO PERFORM LINE JUSTIFICATION, PAGE NUMBERING
AND TITLING, ETC_. AS DESIRED.
THE PRINCIPAL BENEFIT OF SUCH A PROGRAM IS THAT FILES
PREPARED FOR USE WITH IT MAY BE EDITED AND CORRECTED EASILY.
SMALL OR LARGE AMOUNTS OF MATERIAL MAY BE ADDED OR DELETED,
AND UNCHANGED MATERIAL NEED NOT BE RETYPED.
AFTER A SET OF CHANGES, THE PROGRAM MAY BE OPERATED TO PRODUCE
A NEW COPY WHICH IS PROPERLY PAGED AND FORMATTED.
DOCUMENTATION MAY THUS BE UPDATED AS NECESSARY WITHOUT
REQUIRING EXTENSIVE RETYPING.
.PAGE
.HEADER ARABIC
.EVEN ^CHAPTER#1 ^OPERATION
.ODD ^CHAPTER#1 ^OPERATION
1.1 ^RUNNING "RUNOFF - "RUNOFF MAY BE INVOKED BY THE _"^R_" OR _""RUN_" COMMAND OR MAY BE CHAINED TO IF THE VERSION OF "CCL PROVIDES THE EQUIVALENT "RUNOFF COMMAND.
IF INVOKED BY THE _""R_" OR _""RUN_" COMMANDS "RUNOFF REQUESTS AN "I/O SPECIFICATION LINE OF THE STANDARD FORM.
"ODEV:OUTPUT<INPUTS(OPTIONS)
1.2 ^DEFAULT ^EXTENSIONS - ^THE DEFAULT INPUT EXTENSION IS ".RO AND THE DEFAULT OUTPUT EXTENSION IS ".WU FOR WRITEUP.
OPTIONS WHICH MAY BE SPECIFIED ON THE COMMAND LINE ARE LISTED AND DESCRIBED BELOW.
IF THE COMMAND LINE IS ENDED WITH THE ALTMODE OR ESCAPE KEY,
CONTROL IS RETURNED TO THE MONITOR ON COMPLETION OF OUTPUT.
IF THE COMMAND LINE IS ENDED WITH THE CARRIAGE RETURN,
"RUNOFF IS RECALLED ON COMPLETION OF OUTPUT.
TO USE THIS FEATURE THE "RUNOFF SAVE IMAGE MUST BE ON THE SYSTEM DEVICE.
IF "RUNOFF.SV IS NOT ON THE SYSTEM DEVICE CONTROL IS ALWAYS RETURNED TO THE MONITOR.
1.3 ^COMMAND ^LINE ^OPTIONS - ^IT IS FREQUENTLY CONVENIENT TO REFORMAT THE DOCUMENT SLIGHTLY OR ADJUST THE OUTPUT FOR DIFFERENT DEVICES.
THIS FACILITY IS PROVIDED BY THE COMMAND LINE SWITCHES.
THESE SINGLE CHARACTER SWITCHES GENERALLY SELECT THE SECOND ALTERNATIVE TO SOME INTERNAL DEFAULT.
FOR EXAMPLE "/U CHANGES THE UNDERLINE MODE TO _"BACKSPACE_" FROM _"LINE_"
WHICH IS ASSUMED.
SOME OF THE SWITCHES ALSO ACCEPT A NUMERIC ARGUMENT ENCODED INTO THE _"=_" OPTION.
SINCE THESE ARE IN OCTAL THEY CAN BE SOMEWHAT CONFUSING.
WE INTEND TO IMPLEMENT AN EXTENDED OPTION DECODING SCHEME IN A FUTURE
RELEASE WHICH WILL BE SIMILAR TO THE "DEC"SYSTEM-10 STANDARD.
IN ADDITION TO THE COMMAND LINE SWITCHES IT IS FREQUENTLY CONVENIENT
TO MAKE "TTY: THE FIRST INPUT FILE AND SPECIFY A FEW COMMANDS AT
RUN TIME BY THIS MEANS.
THE CURRENTLY RECOGNIZED COMMAND SWITCHES AND THEIR INTERPRETATIONS
ARE LISTED BELOW.
.LM +10
.TA;.TS 11
.PARA -5
"/A ^ASSUME "AUTOPARAGRAPH. ("NOAUTOPARAGRAPH ASSUMED)
"/B ^USE ALTERNATE BACKSPACE CHARACTER. (37 INSTEAD OF 10)
"/C ^SET INITIAL CASE MODE TO UPPER CASE. (LOWER CASE ASSUMED)
"/D ^ACCEPT A _"DOWN_" PARAMETER TO MOVE THE OUTPUT DOWN ON THE PAGE.
SEE THE NUMERIC OPTION FOR ENCODING.
THIS DOES NOT AFFECT THE PAGE LINE COUNT.
"/E ^ACCEPT EXTENDED FORM OPTIONS FROM THE TERMINAL. THIS FEATURE IS NOT YET IMPLEMENTED.
"/F ^DO NOT FORM PAGES. THE OUTPUT WILL APPEAR TO BE ALL ON ONE PAGE.
THIS IS EQUIVALENT TO THE COMMAND "NOPAGING.
"/H ^DO NOT USE CURRENT LINE SPACING ON "BREAK"'S.
NORMALLY THE CURRENT LINE SPACING IS USED FOR ANY COMMAND WHICH CAUSES A BREAK SUCH AS ".BLANK OR ".INDENT.
"/I ^PLACE SEQUENCE NUMBERS (EDIT PAGE AND COUNT WITHIN PAGE) IN THE LEFT MARGIN.
IF NO _"OVER_" PARAMETER IS GIVEN THE OUTPUT IS MOVED OVER 6 COLUMNS.
IF AN _"OVER_" COMMAND IS GIVEN THE MARGIN GENERATED IS USED FOR THE SEQUENCE NUMBERS.
"/J ^DO NOT MARK PAGE BREAKS ON SIMULATED FORM FEEDS.
(NORMALLY A LINE OF _"--------_" IS OUTPUT TO MARK THE PAGE BREAK.)
"/K ^DO NOT LIST ERRORS IN THE OUTPUT FILE.
(NORMALLY ERRORS APPEAR INTERRUPTING THE LINE ON WHICH THEY ARE FOUND.)
"/L ^SELECT ALTERNATE PAGE LENGTH. (64 INSTEAD OF 66)
"/M ^ACCEPT A MULTIPLE COPY COUNT IN THE NUMERIC PARAMETER.
SEE THE NUMERIC PARAMETER FOR ENCODING.
"/N ^NOTE ERRORS ON THE CONSOLE TERMINAL.
NORMALLY ERRORS APPEAR ONLY IN THE OUTPUT FILE.
"/O ^ACCEPT AN _"OVER_" PARAMETER.
SEE THE NUMERIC OPTION FOR ENCODING.
"/P ^PAUSE AT THE END OF EACH OUTPUT PAGE AND RING THE TERMINAL BELL.
THE OPERATOR MUST STRIKE "CTRL/P TO CONTINUE.
THIS ALLOWS THE LOADING OF SINGLE SHEETS OF PAPER OR MULTILITH MASTERS FOR OUTPUT.
"/Q ^SELECT ALTERNATE CHARACTER FOR UNDERLINE. (55 INSTEAD OF 137)
"/S ^SELECT ALTERNATE ASSUMED SPACING.
(DOUBLE SPACE INSTEAD OF SINGLE SPACE.)
"/T ^SELECT NORMAL RATHER THAN QUOTED SPACES (_#) FOR TAB EXPANSION.
NORMALLY TABS ARE EXPANDED WITH FORCED SPACES TO AVOID PADDING.
"/U ^SELECT BACKSPACE RATHER THAN LINE MODE FOR UNDERLINING.
NORMALLY THE LINE IS OVERSTRUCK WITH SPACES AND UNDERLINES.
IF THE OUTPUT DEVICE PROVIDES BACKSPACES AND NOT LINE OVERSTRIKES THEN BACKSPACE MODE SHOULD BE USED.
"/V ^SIMULATE FORM FEEDS.
AN EQUIVALENT NUMBER OF CARRIAGE RETURN LINE FEED COMBINATIONS IS OUTPUT INSTEAD OF A FORM FEED.
THIS SHOULD BE USED ONLY WITH DEVICES WHICH DO NOT HAVE FORM FEEDS.
"/W ^SELECT ALTERNATE PAGE WIDTH. (60 COLUMNS INSTEAD OF 70)
"/X ^ONLY SEND UPPER CASE ALPHABETIC CODES TO THE OUTPUT DEVICE.
THIS OPTION IS PROVIDED FOR PRINTERS WHICH CAN NOT PROPERLY INTERPRET OR CONVERT LOWER CASE CODES.
= ^THE NUMERIC OPTION CARRIES INFORMATION FOR THE "/D, "/M, AND "/O OPTIONS.
THE PARAMETERS ARE ENCODED AS "DDOOEEMM.
WHERE "DD IS AN OCTAL NUMBER REPRESENTING THE "DOWN PARAMETER WITH A RANGE OF 0-37.
IF NO OTHER OPTIONS ARE PROVIDED IT MUST BE FOLLOWED BY 6 ZEROS.
"OO REPRESENTS AN OCTAL NUMBER IN THE RANGE OF 0-77 TO BE USED FOR THE "OVER PARAMETER.
IF THE "EE DIGITS ARE NONZERO THE OVER PARAMETER IS "OO FOR ODD PAGES AND "EE
FOR EVEN NUMBERED PAGES.
THIS ALLOWS FOR TWO SIDED COPY BINDING MARGINS.
(^SEE THE "OVER COMMAND.)
"MM REPRESENTS AN OCTAL NUMBER IN THE RANGE OF 0-77 REPRESENTING THE NUMBER OF COPIES REQUESTED.
ALL OF THE OPTIONS MAY BE SIMULTANEOUSLY ACTIVE.
THE VARIOUS OPTION SWITCHES MUST BE PRESENT IN ORDER FOR THE NUMERIC OPTION TO BE USED.
&$ ^IF THE ALTMODE CHARACTER ENDS THE LINE, CONTROL RETURNS TO THE MONITOR LEVEL ON THE COMPLETION OF OUTPUT.
IF THE LINE ENDS WITH THE CARRIAGE RETURN, "RUNOFF IS RELOADED FROM THE SYSTEM DEVICE ON THE COMPLETION OF OUTPUT.
IF "RUNOFF.SV IS NOT ON THE SYSTEM DEVICE, CONTROL IS RETURNED TO THE MONITOR LEVEL IN EITHER CASE.
.LM -10
.TS 1,9,17,25,33,41,49,57
.PAR 0
.PAGE
.EVEN ^CHAPTER#2 ^GENERAL#^FEATURES
.ODD ^CHAPTER#2 ^GENERAL#^FEATURES
2.1 ^SOURCE ^FILE - ^THE SOURCE FILE CONTAINS THE TEXTUAL MATERIAL
WHICH WILL APPEAR ON THE FINAL COPY, PLUS INFORMATION
TO SPECIFY FORMATTING.
UPPER AND LOWER CASE INFORMATION MAY ALSO BE SUPPLIED SO THAT
COPY CAN BE PREPARED ON THE TELETYPE OR ANY OTHER
SUCH DEVICE WHICH CAN NORMALLY INPUT ONLY UPPER CASE LETTERS.
ALL COMMAND INFORMATION CONSISTS OF REGULAR "ASCII PRINTING
CHARACTERS SO THAT A LISTING OF THE SOURCE FILE MAY BE EXAMINED
IF THE FINAL COPY IS NOT EXACTLY AS DESIRED.
A COMMAND LINE OPTION IS AVAILABLE TO INCLUDE INPUT SEQUENCE INFORMATION IN THE OUTPUT.
ANY ERRORS WHICH "RUNOFF RECOGNIZES ARE ALSO IDENTIFIED BY INPUT SEQUENCE INFORMATION TO ALLOW THE OFFENDING INPUT LINE TO BE EASILY FOUND.
2.1.1 ^COMMAND ^LINES - ^ALL MATERIAL IN THE SOURCE FILE IS TAKEN TO BE SOURCE TEXT
EXCEPT THOSE LINES BEGINNING WITH A PERIOD.
A LINE BEGINNING WITH A PERIOD IS ASSUMED TO BE A COMMAND,
AND MUST MATCH ONE OF THOSE LISTED IN ^CHAPTER 4.
THE COMMANDS PROVIDE THE FORMATTING INFORMATION,
AND CONTROL VARIOUS OPTIONAL MODES OF OPERATION.
2.1.2 ^FILLING - ^USUALLY THE TEXT IS "FILLED AND "JUSTIFIED
AS IT IS PROCESSED. THAT IS, THE PROGRAM "FILLS A LINE BY
ADDING SUCCESSIVE WORDS FROM THE SOURCE TEXT UNTIL ONE MORE WORD
WOULD CAUSE THE RIGHT MARGIN TO BE EXCEEDED.
THE LINE IS THEN "JUSTIFIED BY MAKING THE WORD SPACINGS
LARGER UNTIL THE LAST WORD IN THE LINE EXACTLY MEETS
THE RIGHT MARGIN.
AN OPTIONAL HYPHENATION MODE IS SUPPORTED FOR CIRCUMSTANCES WHERE FILLING RESULTS IN ABNORMALLY LARGE SPACES ON THE LINE WHEN JUSTIFIED.
WHEN THE "FILL MODE IS ON,
SPACES AND CARRIAGE RETURNS OCCURRING IN THE SOURCE TEXT
ARE TREATED ONLY AS WORD SEPARATORS.
MULTIPLE SEPARATORS ARE IGNORED UNLESS THE ".AUTOPARAGRAPH OPTION IS ACTIVE.
2.1.2.1 ^SPECIAL ^EFFECTS - ^THE USER MAY OCCASIONALLY WISH TO REPRODUCE
THE SOURCE TEXT EXACTLY WHICH IS DONE BY DISABLING
"FILLING AND "JUSTIFICATION.
THE PROGRAM MAY BE SET TO "FILL BUT NOT "JUSTIFY,
IN WHICH CASE THE OUTPUT WILL BE NORMAL EXCEPT THAT LINES
WILL NOT BE JUSTIFIED TO THE RIGHT MARGIN.
THE PROGRAM MAY ALSO BE SET TO "JUSTIFY BUT NOT "FILL,
THIS MAY BE USED TO GENERATE SPECIALLY FORMATED OUTPUT WHEN COMBINED WITH FORCED SPACES AND _"HAND FILLING_".
2.1.2.2 ^LINE ^BREAKS - ^SOME OF THE COMMANDS CAUSE A "BREAK IN THE OUTPUT.
A "BREAK MEANS THAT THE CURRENT LINE IS OUTPUT
WITHOUT "JUSTIFICATION, AND THE NEXT WORD GOES
AT THE BEGINNING OF THE NEXT LINE.
THIS OCCURS MOSTLY AT THE END OF PARAGRAPHS.
2.1.3 ^PAGES - ^THE PROGRAM WILL ADVANCE TO NEW PAGES AS NECESSARY,
PLACING THE TITLE AND SUBTITLE (IF GIVEN)
AT THE TOP OF EACH PAGE, AND THE PAGE NUMBER AT THE BOTTOM
OF EACH PAGE AFTER THE FIRST (THE SO-CALLED TITLE) PAGE.
IF THE EVEN OR ODD PAGE HEADER INFORMATION IS GIVEN IT REPLACES THE TITLE LINE ON THE PAGE.
THE USER MAY EXPLICITLY CALL FOR A PAGE ADVANCE WHERE DESIRED,
AND MAY INHIBIT THE OCCURRENCE OF A PAGE ADVANCE
WITHIN SPECIFIED MATERIAL.
.PAGE
2.2 ^^UPPER AND LOWER CASE INFORMATION\\
2.2.1 ^CASE ^CONTROL - ^SPECIFICATION OF CASE FOR FILES PREPARED ON THE TELETYPE
IS DONE WITH TWO CHARACTERS, UPARROW* (_^, SHIFT/^N),
AND BACKSLASH (_\, SHIFT/^L).
.FOOTNOTE 9
.M +10,-10
.S
.I -2;* ^IN THIS DOCUMENT, THE CHARACTER FOR UPARROW
(SHIFT/^N ON TELETYPES) IS A CIRCUMFLEX (_^)
AS ON THE MORE RECENT TERMINALS AND PRINTERS.
ALSO, THE CHARACTER FOR LEFTARROW (SHIFT/^O ON TELETYPES)
APPEARS AS AN UNDERLINE CHARACTER (__).
! END OF CHARACTERS FOOTNOTE
THE APPEARANCE OF AN UPARROW CAUSES THE LETTER IMMEDIATELY
FOLLOWING TO BE TRANSMITTED IN UPPER CASE.
THE APPEARANCE OF A BACKSLASH CAUSES THE LETTER
TO BE CONVERTED TO LOWER CASE.
ANY LETTER NOT PRECEEDED BY ONE OF THESE CHARACTERS
IS TRANSMITTED IN THE CURRENT MODE.
THE MODE IS INITIALLY LOWER CASE, AND IS CHANGED
BY THE OCCURRANCE OF TWO SUCCESSIVE CASE CONTROL CHARACTERS.
2.2.2 ^CASE ^LOCK - ^TWO UPARROWS (_^_^) CAUSE THE MODE TO BE SET TO UPPER CASE;
TWO BACKSLASHES (_\_\) CAUSE THE MODE TO BE SET TO LOWER CASE.
IN ADDITION THE COMMANDS ".UPPER "CASE AND ".LOWER "CASE
CAUSE THE MODE TO BE SET TO UPPER CASE (_^_^)
OR LOWER CASE (_\_\), RESPECTIVELY.
THE USE OF THE ABOVE CORRESPONDS TO THE USE
OF THE SHIFT AND SHIFT/LOCK KEYS ON A TYPEWRITER.
USUALLY, TYPING APPEARS IN LOWER CASE.
TO TYPE ONE LETTER IN UPPER CASE, THE SHIFT KEY IS USED.
THE SHIFT/LOCK IS SET TO TYPE A SERIES OF UPPER CASE LETTERS,
AFTER WHICH IS IS RELEASED.
FOR EXAMPLE:
.B 1
_^^^HERE IS A _^SAMPLE _^SENTENCE IN
_^_^UPPER CASE_\_\ AND LOWER CASE.\\
.B 1;BECOMES:
.B 1
^HERE IS A ^SAMPLE ^SENTENCE IN ^^UPPER CASE\\ AND LOWER CASE.
2.2.3 ^CASE ^LOGIC - ^FOR THOSE "I/O DEVICES WHICH PRODUCE LETTERS
OF THE PROPER CASE, I.E. ALLOWS BOTH UPPER AND LOWER CASE
KEYBOARD CHARACTERS, THE MODE SHOULD BE SET TO "UPPER "CASE AT
THE BEGINNING OF THE FILE AND LEFT UNCHANGED FOR THE REMAINDER.
THIS IS BECAUSE CODE CONVERSION OCCURS ONLY ON THE "ASCII
CODES 301 TO 332 OCTAL (ONLY THE UPPER CASE LETTERS).
ANY ACTUAL LOWER CASE CHARACTERS IN THE TEXT
(CODES 341 TO 372 OCTAL) APPEARING IN THE SOURCE
WILL BE TRANSMITTED UNCHANGED.
.PAGE
2.3 ^SPECIAL ^CHARACTERS - "RUNOFF ALLOWS THE USE OF VARIOUS CHARACTERS IN THE TEXT TO HAVE A SPECIAL MEANING IN ADDITION TO
THOSE USED TO SPECIFY CASE INFORMATION.
THESE CHARACTERS ARE REFERRED TO AS ^FLAG ^CHARACTERS AND MAY BE SPECIFIED OR SWITCHED ON OR OFF BY THE ".FLAG COMMANDS (SEE 4.7).
THE ACTION OF THESE CHARACTERS IS DESCRIBED BELOW.
2.3.1 "UNDERSCORING - ^THE CHARACTER AMPERSAND (_&) IS USED
TO SPECIFY UNDERSCORING. THE AMPERSAND WILL CAUSE
THE CHARACTER FOLLOWING IT TO BE UNDERSCORED.
FOR EXAMPLE, _&B_&O_&O_&K BECOMES &B&O&O&K.
UNDERLINING OF A STRING OF CHARACTERS CAN ALSO BE SPECIFIED
SIMILIARLY TO THE USE OF THE SHIFT LOCK OPERATIONS
DESCRIBED ABOVE. AN APPEARANCE OF AMPERSAND PRECEDED
BY UPARROW (_^_&) WILL CAUSE UNDERLINING
OF ALL FOLLOWING CHARACTERS EXCEPT SPACE.
AN APPEARANCE OF AMPERSAND PRECEDED BY BACKSLASH (_\_&)
DISABLES UNDERSCORING.
THE UNDERSCORE FLAG IS INITIALLY ENABLED.
2.3.2 "FORCED#SPACE - ^IT IS OCCASIONALLY NECESSARY TO INCLUDE SPACES IN THE TEXT
WHICH SHOULD NOT BE TREATED AS WORD SEPARATORS.
FOR THIS PURPOSE, "RUNOFF TREATS ^&NUMBERSIGN\& (_#)
AS A QUOTED SPACE, I.E. IT WILL PRINT AS EXACTLY ONE SPACE
IN THE OUTPUT AND WILL NEVER BE EXPANDED
NOR CHANGED TO A CARRIAGE RETURN.
THIS FLAG IS INITIALLY ACTIVE.
2.3.3 "QUOTE - ^TO ALLOW THE APPEARANCE OF THE SPECIAL CHARACTERS
IN THE OUTPUT FILE THE CHARACTER LEFTARROW (__, SHIFT/^O)
IS USED AS A QUOTE CHARACTER.
THE CHARACTER IMMEDIATELY FOLLOWING A LEFTARROW WILL
BE TRANSMITTED TO THE OUTPUT FILE WITH NO FORMATTING EFFECT.
CONTROL CHARACTERS MAY BE PASSED IN THIS FASHION ALSO.
"RUNOFF DOES NO PROCESSING ON ANY CHARACTER THAT IS PRECEDED BY THE ^QUOTE ^FLAG.
THE ^QUOTE FLAG IS INITIALLY ASSUMED TO BE ON.
2.3.4 "HYPHENATION - ^IN CASES WHERE THE MARGIN SETTINGS ARE NARROW AND LONG WORDS APPEAR
THERE MAY BE AN EXCESSIVE NUMBER OF SPACES BETWEEN WORDS IN ORDER TO JUSTIFY THE LINE.
TO ALLEVIATE THIS PROBLEM THE ^HYPHEN ^FLAG IS PROVIDED.
IF THE HYPHEN CHARACTER _"-_" APPEARS FOLLOWED BY AN ALPHABETIC CHARACTER THE WORD MAY BE OPTIONALLY BROKEN AT THAT POINT.
IF THE WORD IS NOT BROKEN THE HYPHEN IS REMOVED.
IF THE CHARACTER FOLLOWING THE HYPHEN IS NOT AN ALPHABETIC THE HYPHEN IS TREATED AS A NORMAL INPUT CHARACTER.
THEREFORE, IT IS NOT NECESSARY TO QUOTE IT IN NUMERIC EXPRESSIONS.
THE ^HYPHEN ^FLAG IS NORMALLY ASSUMED TO BE OFF.
2.3.5 "CAPITALIZE - ^WHEN ENTERING TEXT FROM THE TELETYPE IT FREQUENTLY OCCURS THAT AN ENTIRE WORD SHOULD BE CAPITALIZED.
THE OPTIONAL FLAG ^CAPITALIZE IS PROVIDED FOR THIS PURPOSE.
IF THE FLAG CHARACTER _"<_" APPEARS BEFORE A WORD ALL LETTERS ARE CAPITALIZED UNTIL THE OCCURENCE OF A WORD SEPARATOR
OR OF A SECOND _"<_".
IF THIS ACTION IS DESIRED IT MUST BE REQUESTED WITH THE ."FLAG#CAPITALIZE COMMAND.
2.3.6 "FIRSTCAPITALIZE - ^IN ENTERING BIBLIOGRAPHIC AND SIMILAR MATERIAL IT FREQUENTLY OCCURS THAT THE FIRST CHARACTER
OF MOST OF THE WORDS SHOULD BE CAPITALIZED.
THE FLAG CHARACTER _"_'_" IS PROVIDED FOR THIS PURPOSE.
IF THE FLAG APPEARS BY ITSELF THE FOLLOWING CHARACTER IS CAPITALIZED.
HOWEVER, THE FLAG MAY BE LOCKED ON IN WHICH CASE THE FIRST CHARACTER OF EACH WORD IS CAPITALIZED.
TO MAKE INDIVIDUAL WORDS BEGIN WITH A LOWER CASE CHARACTER THE BACKSLASH _"_\_"
MAY BE USED.
2.3.7 "INDEX - ^INDEX GENERATION HAS NOT YET BEEN IMPLEMENTED, BUT FOR COMPATIBILITY WITH OTHER VERSIONS THE INDEX FLAG MAY BE RECOGNIZED.
THE INDEX FLAG CHARACTER IS _">_" AND IF THE COMMAND ".FLAG#INDEX IS GIVEN THE CHARACTER WILL BE STRIPPED FROM THE INPUT.
2.3.8 ^LONG ^LINES - ^A SPECIAL USAGE OF THE "_\" CHARACTER ALLOWS LONG LINES
TO BE INPUT ON TERMINALS WHICH FORCE RETURNS.
IF THE END OF LINE IS PRECEDED BY "_\" IT IS IGNORED.
THIS IS VERY USEFUL WHEN BUILDING SPECIAL GRAPHICS USING BACKSPACES ON SUCH TERMINALS.
.PAGE
.EVEN ^CHAPTER#3 ^USING#"RUNOFF
.ODD ^CHAPTER#3 ^USING#"RUNOFF
3.1 ^USING THIS ^MANUAL - ^AN ATTEMPT HAS BEEN MADE TO GROUP THE COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS IN ^CHAPTER 4 INTO LOGICAL SETS.
THUS, IF YOU WANT TO CHANGE THE RUNNING HEADER INFORMATION, ALL THE COMMANDS WHICH AFFECT RUNNING HEADS ARE FOUND IN SECTION 4.5.
IT IS SUGGESTED THAT THE NEW USER SKIM THROUGH THE MANUAL AT LEAST ONCE AND THEN PREPARE
A SMALL DOCUMENT, SUCH AS A LETTER, USING THE FEATURES DESCRIBED IN THIS CHAPTER.
ONCE YOU HAVE BECOME THOROUGHLY FAMILIAR WITH "RUNOFF, "APPENDIX ^C, WHICH LISTS THE COMMANDS, WILL LIKELY BE THE ONLY REFERENCE NEEDED.
3.2 ^DOCUMENT ^SETUP - "RUNOFF"_'S DEFAULT ASSUMPTIONS HAVE BEEN CHOSEN TO REDUCE SETUP TIME FOR STANDARD DOCUMENTS.
FOR A SIMPLE LETTER NO PAGE FORMATTING IS REQUIRED.
IF A SMALLER THAN USUAL PAGE IS DESIRED THE ".PAGE#SIZE COMMAND SHOULD BE USED.
FOR EXAMPLE:
.S;.I 3;_."PAGE#SIZE 60,60
.S
WILL MAKE THE PAGE 60 LINES LONG BY 60 COLUMNS WIDE.
THE DESIRED RIGHT MARGIN CAN BE OBTAINED BY USING THE COMMAND LINE _"OVER_" OPTION.
TYPICALLY THE OUTPUT SHOULD BE MOVED OVER ABOUT 1.5 INCHES SO THE OPTION IS:
.S;.I 3;/O=110000
.S;THIS IS ASSUMING 6 CHARACTERS PER INCH.
IF OUTPUT IS ALWAYS TO THE SAME DEVICE THE ".OVER COMMAND MAY BE USED INSTEAD.
3.3 ^CONVENIENCE ^COMMANDS - ^MOST USERS WILL FIND THAT THE USE OF THE ".AUTOPARAGRAPH FEATURE IS VERY CONVENIENT.
IF YOUR DOCUMENT IS STRAIGHT TEXT THIS MAY BE ALL THE FORMATTING REQUIRED.
IF TABULATED DATA IS REQUIRED IT IS CONVENIENT TO INTRODUCE THE TABULATED MATERIAL AS A LIST
USING THE ".LIST AND ".END#LIST COMMANDS.
THESE COMMANDS TEMPORARILY SET IN THE LEFT MARGIN.
THEY DO NOT DISABLE FILLING BUT THEY DO REMEMBER THE CURRENT FILL MODE.
IF MORE THAN ONE COLUMN OF DATA IS REQUIRED THE COLUMNS ARE SEPARATED BY TABS.
THE STANDARD TAB STOPS ARE 1,9,17,25 ETC.
AT THE END OF THE TABULAR INFORMATION THE ".END#LIST COMMAND RESTORES NORMAL FORMATTING.
3.4 ^LETTER ^EXAMPLE - ^THE ELEMENTS REQUIRED TO FORMAT A LETTER ARE:
.LS;.NF;^LETTERHEAD
^ADDRESS AND ^SALUTATION
^BODY
^CLOSING AND ^SIGNATURE
.ELS
^THE FOLLOWIG COMMANDS GENERATE A LETTERHEAD FOR A MYTHICAL COMPANY:
.LS;.NF;_.C;^HISTORICAL ^OIL ^COMPANY
_.C;^VOLCANO, ^WEST ^VIRGINIA
_.S 2;.R;^MARCH 31, 1976
_.S 2
.ELS
^THE ADDRESS AND SALUTATION ARE MOST EASILY GENERATED BY DISABLING LINE FILLING AS BELOW:
.LS;.NF;_.NF
"J.#P. ^GETTY
^THE ^TOWER
^LONDON, "WC1 ^ENGLAND
_.S 2
^DEAR ^MR. ^GETTY,
_.F
.ELS
^THE CLOSING IS USUALLY HANDLED WITH THE ".INDENT COMMAND AS IN THE FOLLOWING EXAMPLE:
.LS;.NF;_.S 2;.I 30;^SINCERELY,
_.S 6;.I 30;^JAY ^ROCKEFELLER
.ELS
^THE COMPLETED LETTER IS PRINTED BELOW.
.S 2;.TP 20
.C;^HISTORICAL ^OIL ^COMPANY
.C;^VOLCANO, ^WEST ^VIRGINIA
.S 2;.R;^MARCH 31, 1976
.S 2
.NF
"J.#P. ^GETTY
^THE ^TOWER
^LONDON, "WC1 ^ENGLAND
.S 2
^DEAR ^MR. ^GETTY,
.F
WE HAVE AVAILABLE, FOR A LIMITED TIME, SIX BARRELS OF 1847 CRUDE OIL AT $147 PER BARREL.
IF YOU ARE INTERESTED, PLEASE CONTACT ME BEFORE ^JULY 1ST.
.S 2;.I 30;^SINCERELY,
.S 6;.I 30;^JAY ^ROCKEFELLER
.PAGE
3.5 ^LARGE ^DOCUMENTS - ^FOR LARGER DOCUMENTS, SUCH AS THIS MANUAL, THE RUNNING HEAD IS AN IMPORTANT CONSIDERATION.
FOR DISSERTATION WORK THE USUAL REQUIREMENT IS THAT THE PAGE NUMBER APPEAR IN THE UPPER
RIGHT CORNER, SET OUT SLIGHTLY FROM THE BODY OF THE TEXT.
THIS EFFECT CAN BE CREATED BY SETTING THE RIGHT MARGIN WITH A COMMAND SUCH AS:
.S;.I 3;_."RM -6
.S;THIS WILL CAUSE THE PAGE NUMBER TO BE RIGHT JUSTIFIED 1 INCH OUTSIDE THE BODY OF THE TEXT.
THE DEFAULT ".HEADER COMMAND ACCOMPLISHES THE REST.
IF THE WORD "PAGE IS NOT DESIRED, THE COMMAND ".HEADER#NUMBER SHOULD BE USED.
THE ".TITLE COMMAND IS VERY EFFECTIVE IN TYING TOGETHER MATERIAL THAT IS RELATED
IN THE DOCUMENT.
WHENEVER THE ".TITLE COMMAND APPEARS THE REMAINING TEXT ON THE LINE BECOMES THE RUNNING TITLE UNTIL CHANGED.
FOR MORE DETAILS ON RUNNING HEADS SEE SECTION 4.5.
3.6 ^ERROR ^CORRECTION - ^IT IS ASSUMED THAT A GENERAL PURPOSE EDITOR IS USED TO PREPARE THE "RUNOFF INPUT FILE.
MOST SUCH EDITORS ALLOW ONE TO LOCATE THE EDIT POSITION TO A GIVEN LINE ON A GIVEN PAGE (DEFINED BY FORM FEEDS)
IN THE INPUT FILE.
TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THIS FEATURE "RUNOFF REPORTS WITH ALL ERRORS THE INPUT FILE NUMBER (1-9), THE INPUT PAGE (0-2047) AND THE INPUT LINE RELATIVE TO THE START OF THE PAGE (0-2047).
THESE ARE ALL DECIMAL NUMBERS.
IF YOU ARE USING THE "SCROLL EDITOR, THE FOLLOWING COMMAND WILL LOCATE TO THE ERRONEOUS LINE:
.S;.I 3;$5P$74
.S;ASSUMING THAT THE PAGE NUMBER WAS 5 AND THE RELATIVE LINE WAS 74.
IF YOU ARE HAVING A GREAT DEAL OF DIFFICULTY RELATING THE OUTPUT FROM "RUNOFF TO YOUR INPUT FILE
YOU MAY OPTIONALLY HAVE THE INPUT PAGE AND LINE NUMBERS PRINTED IN THE LEFT MARGIN OF THE OUTPUT.
THIS IS DONE BY USING THE /^I OPTION ON THE COMMAND LINE.
THIS ALSO REQUIRES THAT THE PHYSICAL OUTPUT DEVICE BE AT LEAST 1 INCH WIDER THAN THE OUTPUT GENERATED.
3.7 ^FALSE ^ERRORS - ^SINCE VARIOUS IMPLEMENTATIONS OF "RUNOFF HAVE DIFFERENT FEATURES, YOU MAY GENERATE ERRORS FROM COMMANDS NOT YET IMPLEMENTED OR UNRECOGNIZED
BY THIS VERSION.
IF YOU HAVE THE ERRORS LISTED ON THE TERMINAL DEVICE RATHER THAN IN THE OUTPUT FILE THEY WILL HAVE NO ACTION ON THE OUTPUT. (I.E. THEY WILL BE IGNORED.)
.PAGE
.EVEN ^CHAPTER#4 ^COMMANDS
.ODD ^CHAPTER#4 ^COMMANDS
4.1 ^COMMAND ^SYNTAX - THE FOLLOWING COMMANDS WILL BE RECOGNIZED
IF THEY ARE ON A COMMMAND LINE.
A COMMMAND LINE IS A LINE WHICH BEGINS WITH A PERIOD.
MULTIPLE COMMANDS MAY APPEAR ON A COMMAND LINE
BY SEPARATING THEM WITH A SEMI-COLON OR THE PERIOD.
COMMENTS ARE ALLOWED ON THE COMMAND LINE.
THEY BEGIN WITH THE CHARACTER ! AND
END WITH A SEMICOLON OR END OF LINE.
THE SEQUENCE .! OR .; ALSO BEGINS A COMMENT AT THE
BEGINNING OF A COMMAND LINE;
THIS COMMENT ALSO ENDS WITH A SEMICOLON OR END OF LINE.
IN ADDITION, THE COMMAND ".COMMENT
IGNORES THE REST OF THE LINE.
THE ONLY COMMANDS WHICH CANNOT HAVE COMMENTS
ARE THE ".TITLE, ".SUBTITLE, AND ".CHAPTER COMMANDS.
IN ANY CASE, EITHER TEXT OR ANOTHER COMMAND
(STARTING WITH .) MAY BE GIVEN.
THUS, FOR EXAMPLE, THE FOLLOWING LINE CHANGES THE MARGINS,
SKIPS 3 LINES, AND CENTERS _""HELLO_" IN ONE COMMAND LINE.
.B 1
_.^^MARGINS 10,70;_.BLANK 3;_.CENTER;HELLO\\
4.1.1 ^NEGATED ^COMMANDS - THOSE COMMANDS OF THE FORM .^N^OXXX
MAY ALSO BE GIVEN AS .^N^O#XXX.
FOR EXAMPLE: ".NONUMBER IS EQUIVALENT TO ".NO#NUMBER.
4.1.2 ^COMMAND ^ARGUMENTS - SOME COMMANDS TAKE ONE OR MORE DECIMAL NUMBERS FOLLOWING.
THESE ARE SEPARATED FROM THE COMMMAND BY A SPACE.
MULTIPLE TABS AND SPACES ARE ALLOWED BETWEEN ARGUMENTS,
IF SO DESIRED. CONSECUTIVE NUMERIC ARGUMENTS
MAY BE SEPARATED BY SPACES OR ONE COMMA.
IF THE CHARACTER IS A COMMA,
THEN NO SPACES OR TABS MUST PRECEDE IT.
IN MULTIPLE ARGUMENT COMMANDS (^^.TAB STOP, .PARAGRAPH,
_.MARGINS\\, ETC.), NULL VALUES ARE ALLOWED BY
CONSECUTIVE COMMAS; NULL ARGUMENTS CAUSE
THE PREVIOUS VALUE TO BE LEFT UNCHANGED.
4.1.2.1 ^RELATIVE ^ARGUMENTS - SOME COMMANDS MAY ALLOW RELATIVE SPECIFICATIONS AS ARGUMENTS.
WHEN THE ARGUMENT IS PRECEDED BY A + OR -,
THE ARGUMENT IS TAKEN AS RELATIVE.
FOR MOST COMMANDS, THIS RAISES OR LOWERS THE PREVIOUS SETTING
BY THE SPECIFIED AMOUNT.
4.1.2.2 ^EXCESS ^ARGUMENTS - IF THERE ARE TOO MANY ARGUMENTS FOR A COMMAND
OR IF EXCESS CHARACTERS ARE ON THE COMMAND LINE,
THESE CHARACTERS ARE IGNORED.
IN ADDITION, AN ERROR DIAGNOSTIC IS PRINTED.
4.1.3 ^COMMAND ^ABBREVIATIONS - ALL COMMANDS CAN BE ABBREVIATED.
THE FULL SPELLING WILL BE CHECKED.
ANY COMMAND WORD MAY BE SHORTENED TO ITS INITIAL DISTINCT SET OF CHARACTERS.
IN CASES WHERE TWO COMMANDS HAVE THE SAME INITIALLY SPELLING, THEY ARE SCANNED IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER.
THE STANDARD COMMAND ABBREVIATIONS APPEAR IN THE COMMAND LISTS ALSO AND ARE SUBJECT TO THE SAME RULES AS THE FULL SPELLINGS.
THE LEGAL ABBREVIATIONS AND SYNONYMS ALLOWED BY "RUNOFF
FOLLOW THE COMMANDS.
4.1.4 ^ILLEGAL ^COMMANDS - IF AN ILLEGAL COMMAND IS RECOGNIZED, AN ERROR DIAGNOSTIC
WILL BE TYPED AND THE REST OF THE COMMAND WILL BE IGNORED.
.PAGE
4.2 ^FORMATTING ^COMMANDS
4.2.1 "BREAK - CAUSES A "BREAK, I.E. THE CURRENT LINE WILL BE OUTPUT
WITH NO JUSTIFICATION, AND THE NEXT WORD OF THE SOURCE TEXT
WILL BE PLACED AT THE BEGINNING OF THE NEXT LINE.
.SKIP;.INDENT 3;_."BREAK
.I 3;_."BR
.I 3;_. (FOLLOWED BY SPACE AND SEMI-COLON, OR END OF LINE)
4.2.2 "SKIP - CAUSES A "BREAK AFTER WHICH N*(LINE SPACING)
LINES ARE LEFT BLANK.
IF THE SKIP WOULD LEAVE ROOM FOR LESS THAN TWO PRINTED LINES
ON THE PAGE (I.E. IF THERE ARE LESS THEN N+2*(LINE SPACING)
LINES LEFT), THE OUTPUT IS ADVANCED TO THE TOP OF THE NEXT PAGE.
IF N IS NEGATIVE, THIS SPECIFIES TO MOVE TO N LINES
FROM THE BOTTOM OF THE PAGE.
THUS A ".SKIP -5 OR A ".BLANK -5 MEANS
TO MOVE TO THE FIFTH LINE FROM THE BOTTOM OF THE PAGE.
.S;.I 3;_."SKIP N
.I 3;_.^S N
4.2.3 "BLANK - CAUSES A "BREAK AFTER WHICH N
(RATHER THAN N*(LINE SPACING) LINES ARE LEFT BLANK.
"BLANK IS USED WHERE SPACE IS TO BE LEFT
INDEPENDENT OF THE LINE SPACING;
"SKIP IS USED WHERE THE SPACE SHOULD BE
RELATIVE TO THE SIZE OF THE LINE SPACE.
IF N IS NEGATIVE, IT WORKS LIKE ".SKIP.
.S;.I 3;_."BLANK N
.I 3;_.^B N
4.2.4 "FIGURE - CAUSES A "BREAK.
LEAVE ROOM FOR AN N-LINE FIGURE (I.E., N LINES ARE LEFT BLANK).
IF LESS THAN N LINES REMAIN
ON THE CURRENT PAGE, THE PAGE WILL BE ADVANCED,
AND N BLANK LINES WILL BE LEFT AT THE TOP OF THE NEW PAGE.
THIS COMMAND IS PRINCIPALLY USED WHERE IT IS DESIRED TO LEAVE ROOM
FOR A FIGURE TO BE DRAWN IN MANUALLY.
.S;.I 3;_."FIGURE N
.I 3;_."FG N
4.2.4.1 "FIGURE#DEFERRED - IF THE USER SPECIFIES ".FIGURE "DEFERRED N, A "BREAK OCCURS, THEN IF
THE FIGURE DOES NOT FIT ON THE CURRENT PAGE, IT IS DEFERRED
TO THE NEXT PAGE, BUT TEXT IS CONTINUED ON THE CURRENT PAGE.
IF MORE THAN ONE DEFERRED FIGURE IS SEEN, THE RESULT IS
CUMULATIVE (I.E., ENOUGH SPACE IS RESERVED
FOR ALL DEFERRED FIGURES).
.S
.I 3;_."FIGURE "DEFERRED N
.I 3;_."FG "DEFERRED N
4.2.5 "INDENT - CAUSES A "BREAK AND SETS THE NEXT LINE TO BEGIN
N SPACES TO THE RIGHT OF THE LEFT MARGIN.
\N MAY BE NEGATIVE TO CAUSE THE LINE TO BEGIN TO THE LEFT
OF THE LEFT MARGIN (USEFUL FOR NUMBERED PARAGRAPHS).
.S;.I 3;_."INDENT N
.I 3;_.^I N
4.2.6 "PARAGRAPH - ACCEPT THREE OPTIONAL NUMERIC ARGUMENTS.
THE FIRST NUMBER (I) SETS THE NUMBER OF SPACES WHICH
PARAGRAPHS ARE TO BE INDENTED.
THE INITIAL SETTING IS 5.
THIS VALUE MAY BE NEGATIVE TO GIVE A HANGING PARAGRAPH INDENT, HOWEVER CASE SHOULD BE TAKEN TO AVOID NEGATIVE MARGIN SETTINGS AS A RESULT.
THE SECOND NUMBER (V) IS THE VERTICAL SPACING BETWEEN
PARAGRAPHS.
THIS NUMBER MUST BE IN THE RANGE -1 TO 5.
IF IT IS -1, THEN (LINE SPACING+1)/2 BLANK LINES
ARE LEFT BETWEEN PARAGRAPHS.
THE THIRD NUMBER (T) INDICATES AN ARGUMENT TO USE FOR
"_.TEST "PAGE BEFORE STARTING THE PARAGRAPH.
THIS ARGUMENT IS MULTIPLIED BY THE LINE SPACING AND USED AFTER
THE INTER-PARAGRAPH SPACING.
THE INITIAL VALUE IS 2, SO THAT PARAGRAPHS WILL NOT
NORMALLY HAVE LESS THAN TWO LINES AT THE BOTTOM OF A PAGE.
IF THIS FEATURE IS NOT DESIRED, THEN AN ARGUMENT
OF 0 SHOULD BE GIVEN; THIS WILL RESULT IN NO SPECIAL TEST.
.S;.I 3;_."PARAGRAPH I,V,T
.I 3;_.^P I,V,T
4.2.6.1 "AUTOPARAGRAPH - CAUSES ANY LINE WHICH STARTS WITH A SPACE OR TAB OR IS PRECEDED BY TWO END OF LINE COMBINATIONS
TO SIGNAL THE START OF A NEW PARAGRAPH.
THIS ALLOWS NORMALLY TYPED TEXT TO BE JUSTIFIED
WITHOUT ANY SPECIAL COMMANDS.
"RUNOFF WILL STILL RECOGNIZE THE ".PARAGRAPH
COMMAND AS BEGINNING A NEW PARAGRAPH, ALSO.
THE AUTO-PARAGRAPHING WHICH "RUNOFF PERFORMS OCCURS
ONLY IN "FILL MODE.
"NOAUTOPARAGRAPH DISABLES THE "AUTOPARAGRAPH MODE.
.S;.I 3;_."AUTOPARAGRAPH
.I 3;_."AP
.I 3;_."NO "AUTOPARAGRAPH
.I 3;_."NAP
4.2.7 "PAGE - CAUSES A "BREAK AND AN ADVANCE TO A NEW PAGE.
IF THE CURRENT PAGE IS EMPTY, THEN NO PAGE ADVANCE IS MADE.
THE NUMBER N, IF PRESENT BECOMES THE NEW PAGE NUMBER.
TITLING AND NUMBERING ARE THE SAME AS FOR
AUTOMATIC PAGE ADVANCE.
IF A BLANK PAGE IS NEEDED, IT CAN BE INCLUDED
BY GIVING A ".FIGURE COMMAND.
.S;.I 3;_."PAGE N
.I 3;_."PG N
4.2.7.1 "TEST#PAGE - CAUSES A "BREAK FOLLOWED BY A CONDITIONAL PAGE ADVANCE.
IF THERE ARE N OR MORE LINES REMAINING ON THE CURRENT PAGE,
NO ADVANCE IS MADE AND NO LINES ARE SKIPPED.
OTHERWISE, THE PAGE IS ADVANCED AS FOR "PAGE.
THIS COMMAND SHOULD BE USED TO INSURE THAT
THE FOLLOWING N LINES ARE ALL OUTPUT ON THE SAME PAGE.
\N CANNOT BE NEGATIVE.
.S;.I 3;_."TEST "PAGE N
.I 3;_."TP N
4.2.7.2 ^CONDITIONAL PAGE SKIPS.
IF THE COPY IS TO BE PRINTED ON BOTH SIDES OF THE PAPER IT IS OFTEN DESIRED
TO BEGIN SOME TEXT ON THE NEXT EVEN OR ODD NUMBERED PAGE.
THE CONDITIONAL PAGE SKIPS "PAGE#EVEN AND "PAGE#ODD FURNISH THIS CONTROL.
THESE COMMANDS SKIP A PAGE IF AND ONLY IF IT IS NECESSARY TO MAKE THE NEXT ACTUAL
TEXT PAGE EITHER EVEN OR ODD.
.S;.I 3;_."PAGE#EVEN
.I 3;_."PAGE#ODD
.PAGE
4.3 ^MODE ^SETTING
4.3.1 "JUSTIFY - CAUSES A "BREAK AND SETS SUBSEQUENT OUTPUT LINES TO BE
"JUSTIFIED (INITIAL SETTING).
NOJUSTIFY CAUSES A "BREAK AND PREVENTS "JUSTIFICATION
OF SUBSEQUENT OUTPUT LINES.
.S;.I 3;_."JUSTIFY
.I 3;_.^J
.I 3;_."NOJUSTIFY
.I 3;_."NJ
4.3.2 "FILL - CAUSES A "BREAK AND SPECIFIES THAT SUBSEQUENT OUTPUT
LINES BE "FILLED (INITIAL SETTING).
ALSO SETS "JUSTIFICATION TO THAT SPECIFIED
BY THE LAST ".JUSTIFY OR ".NOJUSTIFY COMMAND.
"NOFILL CAUSES A "BREAK AND PREVENTS "FILLING AND "JUSTIFICATION
OF SUBSEQUENT OUTPUT LINES.
.S;.I 3;_."FILL
.I 3;_.^F
.I 3;_."NOFILL
.I 3;_."NF
4.3.3 ^NORMAL ^USAGE - NORMALLY ".FILL AND ".NOFILL ARE USED TO TURN
BOTH "FILLING AND "JUSTIFICATION ON AND OFF.
THIS IS BECAUSE IT IS USUALLY DESIRABLE TO DO BOTH.
A SUBSEQUENT ".JUSTIFY OR ".NOJUSTIFY COMMAND
WILL OVERRIDE THE ".FILL COMMAND, HOWEVER.
BECAUSE OF THE ACTION OF ".FILL, A SINGLE OCCURRENCE
OF ".NOJUSTIFY WILL CAUSE THE REMAINDER OF THE
FILE TO BE "UNJUSTIFIED WITH "FILLING AS SPECIFIED.
4.3.4 ^JUSTIFY ^ONLY - IN ORDER TO "JUSTIFY BUT NOT "FILL
A "JUSTIFY COMMAND MUST FOLLOW EVERY "NOFILL.
"JUSTIFY WITHOUT FILLING MAY BE USED TO CREATE SPECIAL EFFECTS SUCH AS MARGIN NOTES.
THE GENERAL PROCEDURE IS TO USE FORCED SPACES OR TABS TO FORMAT THE FIXED MATERIAL
AND FILL THE REMAINDER OF THE LINE BY HAND.
THIS MAY REQUIRE TWO PASSES TO GET CORRECT APPEARING OUTPUT.
4.3.5 "NOFILL AND "BREAK - THE "NOFILL-NOJUSTIFY MODE NEED BE USED ONLY WHERE
THERE ARE SEVERAL LINES OF MATERIAL TO BE COPIED
EXACTLY OR AS-IS.
A SINGLE LINE EXAMPLE WILL NOT REQUIRE USING THESE
COMMANDS IF A "BREAK IMMEDIATELY PRECEDES AND FOLLOWS
THE SINGLE LINE.
.PAGE
4.4 ^SENTENCE ^RECOGNITION
4.4.1 ^END OF ^SENTENCE ^SPACING - ^UNDER NORMAL CIRCUMSTANCES, THE CHARACTERS PERIOD (.), COLON (:),
SEMICOLON (;), EXCLAMATION POINT (!), AND QUESTION MARK (?)
ALL END A SENTENCE. ON OUTPUT, THIS MEANS THAT THEY
WILL HAVE TWO SPACES AFTER THEM.
THE WAYS TO INDICATE TO "RUNOFF THAT THIS IS TO BE
DONE UPON RECOGNITION OF THESE CHARACTERS ARE:
.M +5
.S;.I -5
1)###^THE PUNCTUATION IS IMMEDIATELY FOLLOWED BY A
CARRIAGE RETURN IN THE INPUT FILE.
.I -5
2)###^THE PUNCTUATION IS FOLLOWED BY TWO SPACES.
.S
.M -5
4.4.2 "PERIOD - ^THIS ACTION IS CONTROLLED BY THE _."PERIOD COMMAND WHICH IS ASSUMED. OF COURSE, PUNCTUATION SUCH AS THIS
IS NOT ALWAYS DESIRABLE. IF IT IS NOT, THEN THE PERIOD,
COLON, SEMICOLON, EXCLAMATION POINT, OR QUESTION MARK
SHOULD BE QUOTED WITH __.
AND IF THERE IS SOME CASE WHEN THE DOUBLE SPACE IS NEEDED,
BUT NEITHER OF THE ABOVE RULES APPLY, THE PUNCTUATION
SHOULD BE FOLLOWED BY A _# TO FORCE A SPACE IN THE OUTPUT.
THE COMMAND ".NOPERIOD WILL DISABLE THIS AUTOMATIC
PUNCTUATION ALTOGETHER
THE BEHAVIOR OF THE CHARACTERS (. : ; ! ?) IS SUPPRESSED
AS EXPLAINED ABOVE. ALSO, ".NO#AUTOCAPITALIZE IS SET.
THE ".PERIOD COMMAND ALSO SETS "AUTOCAPITALIZATION
MODE TO THE LAST ".AUTOCAPITALIZE OR ".NO#AUTOCAPITALIZE
COMMAND GIVEN. ".PERIOD IS ASSUMED.
.S;.I 3;_."PERIOD
.I 3;_."PR
.I 3;_."NO "PERIOD
.I 3;_."NPR
4.4.3 ^AUTOMATIC ^SENTENCE ^CAPITALIZATION - ^ANOTHER FEATURE OF "RUNOFF WHICH MAKES THE JOB EASIER
FOR THE USER IS THE AUTO-CAPITALIZATION WHICH "RUNOFF
PERFORMS. "RUNOFF WILL AUTOMATICALLY CAPITALIZE THE
FIRST CHARACTER OF A PARAGRAPH AND THE FIRST CHARACTER
OF A SENTENCE, IF ALL OF THE FOLLOWING RULES APPLY:
.M +5;.S
.I -5
1)###".AUTOCAPITALIZE IS IN EFFECT. THE USER EITHER EXPLICITLY
GAVE THE COMMAND OR IT IS IN EFFECT BECAUSE "RUNOFF
INITIALLY ASSUMES IT.
.I -5
2)###".PERIOD IS IN EFFECT. AGAIN, EITHER THE USER
EXPLICITLY GAVE THE ".PERIOD COMMAND OR IT IS IN EFFECT
BECAUSE "RUNOFF INITIALLY ASSUMES IT.
.I -5
3)###^THE FIRST CHARACTER OF A SENTENCE WILL BE CAPITALIZED
ONLY IF THE END OF SENTENCE PUNCTUATION WAS RECOGNIZED
(I.E., TWO SPACES FOLLOWED . : ; ! ? ON OUTPUT).
.M -5
.S
^AGAIN, AUTOMATIC CAPITALIZATION IS NOT ALWAYS DESIRED.
TO OVERRIDE THE AUTOMATIC CAPITALIZATION AT THE BEGINNING
OF A PARTICULAR SENTENCE, USE THE _\ CHARACTER BEFORE
THE CHARACTER TO INHIBIT CAPITALIZATION.
4.4.4 "AUTOCAPITALIZE - ^SET AUTOCAPITALIZATION MODE.
THE ABOVE DESCRIBED FEATURES BECOME ACTIVE.
THE COMMAND ".NO#AUTOCAPITALIZE WILL DISABLE THE
AUTOMATIC CAPITALIZATION.
.S;.I 3;_."AUTOCAPITALIZE
.I 3;_."AC
.I 3;_."NO "AUTOCAPITALIZE
.I 3;_."NAC
.S
"NOTE: ^CAPITALIZATION ONLY OCCURS ON THE UPPER CASE ALPHABETIC
CHARACTERS.
ANY LOWER CASE CODES I.E. ABOVE 140 "OCTAL ARE UNCHANGED BY
"RUNOFF.
.PAGE
4.5 ^RUNNING ^HEADS
4.5.1 ^GENERAL - ^THE RUNNING HEAD INFORMATION CONSISTS OF LINE SPACING INFORMATION FOR THE TOP AND BOTTOM OF THE PAGE AND TEXT BUFFERS DEFINING
THE INFORMATION TO BE PLACED ON THESE LINES.
THERE ARE A TOTAL OF THREE LINES WITH PRINTED INFORMATION
AND A VARIABLE NUMBER OF BLANK LINES DEPENDING ON PARAMETER SETTINGS.
THE INFORMATION LINES CONSIST OF ONE OF "TITLE, "EVEN OR "ODD FOLLOWED ON THE NEXT
LINE BY "SUBTITLE, AND THE ^HEADER LINE WHICH HAS VARIABLE PLACEMENT.
THE COMMANDS WHICH CONTROL THESE FEATURES ARE DESCRIBED BELOW.
4.5.2 ^HEADER ^LINE - ^THE ^HEADER ^LINE IS A LINE WHICH CAN APPEAR IN EITHER
THE HEADER OR THE FOOTER.
THE ^HEADER ^LINE CONSISTS OF, IN ITS SIMPLEST FORM,
JUST THE CURRENT PAGE NUMBER.
IT MAY ALSO HAVE THE WORD "_"PAGE_"
AND THE CURRENT CONTENTS OF THE ^CHAPTER ^BUFFER.
THE ".HEADER COMMAND INFORMS "RUNOFF WHERE TO PUT THE ^HEADER
^LINE AND HOW TO PLACE IT ON THE PAGE.
WHEN THE ^HEADER ^LINE IS PRINTED "JUSTIFY IS ON SO SPACES APPEARING IN THE CHAPTER INFORMATION WILL BE PADDED.
IF THIS ACTION IS NOT DESIRED, QUOTED SPACES SHOULD BE USED (_#).
4.5.2.1 ^HEADER ^GROUPS - THE ^HEADER OPTIONS ARE DIVIDED INTO 5 GROUPS OF WHICH ONLY 1 MEMBER MAY BE ACTIVE.
ANY GROUPS NOT SPECIFIED ARE UNALTERED BY THE ^HEADER COMMAND.
.LM +8
.S;.I -8
^T^O^P#####^THE ^HEADER ^LINE IS TO BE PLACED IN THE HEADER
AT THE SECOND LINE FROM THE TOP OF THE PAGE.
.I -8
^B^O^T^T^O^M##^THE ^HEADER ^LINE IS TO BE PLACED IN
THE FOOTER THE THIRD LINE UP FROM THE BOTTOM OF THE PAGE.
.S;.I -8
^L^E^F^T####^THE ^HEADER ^LINE IS TO APPEAR AGAINST THE
ABSOLUTE LEFT MARGIN OF THE PAPER (LEFT MARGIN = 1).
.I -8
^R^I^G^H^T###^THE ^HEADER ^LINE IS TO APPEAR AGAINST
THE RIGHT MARGIN OF THE PAPER (RIGHT MARGIN = PAGE WIDTH).
.I -8
^C^E^N^T^E^R##^THE ^HEADER ^LINE IS TO BE CENTERED USING
THE PAGE WIDTH AS THE WIDTH OF THE LINE.
.I -8
^A^L^T^E^R###^THE ^HEADER ^LINE IS TO APPEAR ALTERNATIVELY
AGAINST THE LEFT MARGIN AND THE RIGHT MARGIN OF THE
PAPER. FOR EVEN PAGES, THE ^HEADER ^LINE WILL APPEAR AGAINST
THE LEFT MARGIN; FOR ODD PAGES, THE ^HEADER ^LINE WILL
APPEAR AGAINST THE RIGHT MARGIN.
.S;.I -8
"SPLIT ^THE ^HEADER ^LINE WILL BE SPLIT AND PLACED AGAINST THE LEFT AND RIGHT PAGE BOUNDS.
THE LEFT AND RIGHT OPTIONS WILL REFER TO THE LOCATION OF THE PAGE NUMBER, THE
CHAPTER WILL APPEAR OPPOSITE.
.I -8
"SOLID ^THE "CHAPTER BUFFER AND PAGE NUMBER WILL BE TOGETHER.
.S;.I -8
^U^P^P^E^R###^THE WORD "_"PAGE_" WILL APPEAR AS _"^P^A^G^E_".
.I -8
^L^O^W^E^R###^THE WORD "_"PAGE_" WILL APPEAR AS _"PAGE_".
.I -8
^M^I^X^E^D###^THE WORD "_"PAGE_" WILL APPEAR AS _"^PAGE_".
.I -8
^N^U^M^B^E^R##^THE WORD "_"PAGE_" WILL NOT APPEAR
ON THE ^HEADER ^LINE.
.S;.I -8
"ARABIC ^THE PAGE NUMBER WILL BE PRINTED IN ARABIC NUMERALS (THE DEFAULT VALUE).
.I -8
"ROMAN ^THE PAGE NUMBER WILL BE PRINTED IN ROMAN NUMERALS.
.S;.I -8
^N^O######^THE "_"NO_" OPTION IS EQUIVALENT TO ".NOHEADER.
.LM -8
THE ASSUMED HEADER COMMAND IS:
.S;.I T;_."HEADER#TOP#SOLID#RIGHT#UPPER#ARABIC
4.5.2.2 ^HEADER ^CONTENTS - ^THE ^HEADER ^LINE CONSISTS OF THE FOLLOWING:
.S;.LM +9
.I -4;1)##^THE CONTENTS OF THE ^CHAPTER BUFFER, AND A _"-_"
IF THERE IS A ^CHAPTER BUFFER, UNLESS "SPLIT WAS SPECIFIED IN WHICH CASE THE _"-_" IS REPLACED BY A BLANK.
.I -4;2)##^EITHER _"^P^A^G^E#_", _"PAGE#_", OR _"^PAGE#_" UNLESS
"_"NUMBER_" WAS AN OPTION.
.I -4;3)##^THE CURRENT PAGE NUMBER.
.I -4;4)##^THE SUBPAGE LETTER IF THE ".SUBPAGE COMMAND
WAS GIVEN.
.LM -9
4.5.2.3 "HEADER - ^THE "HEADER COMMAND ALLOWS PRINTING OF THE HEADER AND FOOTER.
THE HEADER CONSISTS OF 1 BLANK LINE, A LINE RESERVED FOR
THE TOP ^HEADER ^LINE, A LINE RESERVED FOR THE CENTERED
TITLE, A LINE RESERVED FOR THE CENTERED SUBTITLE,
AND 2 BLANK LINES TO THE BODY OF THE PAGE.
THE FOOTER CONSISTS OF 3 BLANK LINES FROM THE BODY
OF THE PAGE TO THE LINE RESERVED FOR THE BOTTOM ^HEADER ^LINE
AND 2 BLANK LINES TO THE BOTTOM OF THE PAGE.
ANY OPTIONS WHICH MAY APPEAR ON THIS COMMAND LINE ARE
SET FOR CONTROL OF THE ^HEADER ^LINE.
IF NO OPTIONS APPEAR ON THE COMMAND LINE,
THEN THE PREVIOUS SET OF OPTIONS SPECIFIED BY THE PRIOR
_."HEADER COMMAND WILL TAKE EFFECT.
THE "NO#HEADER COMMAND SUPPRESSES THE TITLE, SUBTITLE, ^HEADER ^LINE,
AND SPACING AT THE TOP AND BOTTOM OF EACH PAGE.
.S;.I 3;_."HEADER OPTIONS
.I 3;_."HD OPTIONS
.I 3;_."NOHEADER
.I 3;_."NHD
4.5.3 ^VERTICAL ^FORMATTING - ^TWO COMMANDS ARE AVAILABLE TO MODIFY THE SPACING OF THE RUNNING HEADER AND FOOTER INFORMATION ON THE PAGE.
4.5.3.1 "PAGE#TOP - ^SETS THE NUMBER OF LINES FROM THE TOP OF THE PAGE
TO THE ^HEADER ^LINE TO M (INITIALLY 1),
AND SETS THE NUMBER OF LINES FROM THE SUBTITLE LINE
TO THE BODY OF THE PAGE TO N (INITIALLY 2).
.S;.I 3;_."PAGE "TOP M,N
.I 3;_."PG "TOP M,N
4.5.3.2 "PAGE#BOTTOM - ^SETS THE NUMBER OF LINES FROM THE BODY OF THE PAGE
TO THE FOOTER'S ^HEADER ^LINE TO M (INITIALLY 3),
AND SETS THE NUMBER OF LINES FROM THE FOOTER'S ^HEADER ^LINE
TO THE BOTTOM OF THE PAGE TO N (INITIALLY 2).
.S;.I 3;_."PAGE "BOTTOM M,N
.I 3;_."PG "BOTTOM M,N
4.5.4 ^TEXT ^BUFFERS - ^THE BUFFERS FOR THE RUNNING INFORMATION ARE LOADED BY THE FOLLOWING COMMANDS.
THE PRINTING AND PLACEMENT OF THESE TEXT BUFFERS IS CONTROLLED BY THE PRECEDING HEADER COMMANDS.
NORMALLY SPACE IS RESERVED FOR THE TEXT BUFFERS ON THE PAGE WHETHER THEY ARE PRINTED OR NOT.
THIS MAKES THE VERTICAL PAGE FORMATTING UNIFORM.
IF YOU WISH TO RECOVER THE TEXT RESERVED FOR THE "TITLE AND "SUBTITLE LINES THE COMMAND _."NOTITLE MAY BE USED.
IF YOU WANT THE SPACE RESERVED BUT NO INFORMATION PRINTED USE THE COMMAND _."TITLE ETC. FOLLOWED IMMEDIATELY BY A CARRIAGE RETURN.
ALL OF THESE COMMANDS TAKE THE REMAINING TEXT
ON THE LINE AS THE BUFFER CONTENTS.
THE TITLE AND SUBTITLE LINE CONTENTS CANNOT BE LONGER THAN 64 CHARACTER IGNORING
LEADING SPACES OR TABS.
4.5.4.1 ^TITLE ^LINE - ^THE CONTENTS OF EITHER THE "TITLE OR "EVEN OR "ODD BUFFERS IS NOMINALLY PLACED ON THE THIRD LINE OF THE PAGE.
IF THE EVEN OR ODD PAGE BUFFERS ARE NON-EMPTY THEY ARE USED.
IF THE TITLE BUFFER IS USED THE TEXT IS CENTERED.
IF EITHER THE EVEN OR ODD BUFFERS IS USED THE LEFT MARGIN IS TEMPORARILY COLUMN 1 AND THE TEXT IS PRINTED JUSTIFIED.
THIS ALLOWS SPLIT TITLES WHICH CAN BE ALTERNATED LEFT AND RIGHT.
IT IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE USER TO USE QUOTED SPACES (_#) AND FORMAL BLANKS TO ACHIEVE THE DESIRED FORMATTING EFFECT.
THE TITLE LINE IS INITIALLY BLANK.
IF ANY OF THESE COMMANDS APPEAR IMMEDIATELY AFTER A ".PAGE COMMAND,
THEY WILL TAKE EFFECT ON THAT PAGE.
.S;.I 3;_."TITLE TTTT ... TTTT
.I 3;_.^T TTTT ... TTTT
.I 3;_."EVEN TTTT ... TTTT
.I 3;_."ODD TTTT ... TTTT
4.5.4.2 "SUBTITLE - ^THIS COMMAND TAKES THE REMAINING TEXT
ON THE LINE AS THE SUBTITLE.
THE SUBTITLE MUST NOT BE LONGER THAN 64 CHARACTERS
(SIMILIAR TO THE ".TITLE COMMAND).
THIS TEXT WILL APPEAR ON THE LINE IMMEDIATELY FOLLOWING
THE TITLE LINE.
THE SUBTITLE LINE IS ALWAYS CENTERED.
THE SUBTITLE IS INITIALLY BLANK.
IF THE ".SUBTITLE COMMAND APPEARS AFTER A ".PAGE COMMAND,
THEN IT WILL TAKE EFFECT ON THE NEW PAGE.
.S;.I 3;_."SUBTITLE SSSS ... SSSS
.I 3;_."SUBTTL SSSS ... SSSS
.I 3;_."ST SSSS ... SSSS
4.5.4.3 "CHAPTER - ^THIS COMMAND TAKES THE REMAINING TEXT ON THE LINE
AS THE ^CHAPTER NAME. IT CAN BE NO LONGER THAN
16 CHARACTERS. THIS TEXT WILL APPEAR IN THE ^HEADER
^LINE PRECEDING A _"-_" AND THE PAGE NUMBER UNLESS THE "SPLIT OPTION WAS SPECIFIED TO THE "HEADER COMMAND.
IF "SPLIT IS IN EFFECT THE CHAPTER NAME IS OPPOSITE THE PAGE NUMBER.
FOR EXAMPLE IF ."HEADER "LEFT "SPLIT WERE SPECIFIED, THE PAGE NUMBER WOULD BE PRINTED
AT THE LEFT AND THE CHAPTER NAME AT THE RIGHT.
THE RIGHT AND ALTER FUNCTIONS BEHAVE SIMILARLY.
IF THE CHAPTER NAME IS TWO OR MORE WORDS THE SPACES MUST BE QUOTED (_#).
IF THIS COMMAND APPEARS AFTER A ".PAGE COMMAND,
THEN IT WILL TAKE EFFECT ON THE NEW PAGE.
.S;.I 3;_."CHAPTER CCCC ... CCCC
.I 3;_."CH CCCC ... CCCC
4.5.5 ^NUMBERING - ^SEVERAL ODD CASES ARISE WHERE IT IS NOT DESIRABLE TO HAVE THE ^HEADER ^LINE APPEAR BUT THE REMAINDER OF THE RUNNING HEAD INFORMATION
IS DESIRED.
IN THESE CASES THE LINE CONTAINING THE PAGE NUMBER MAY BE INHIBITED FROM PRINTING
BY USING THE ."NO#NUMBER COMMAND.
THIS COMMAND DOES NOT AFFECT THE PAGE FORMAT OR THE INTRINSIC PAGE NUMBERING.
THE ."NUMBER COMMAND MAY BE USED TO REENABLE THE PRINTING OF THE HEADER LINE.
THE OPTIONAL NUMERIC ARGUMENT MAY ALSO BE USED TO ADVANTAGE TO SKIP A PAGE FOR LATER
INSERTION OF A FIGURE WHEN THE BLANK PAGE GENERATED BY THE ".FIGURE COMMAND IS NOT DESIRED.
THIS REQUIRES SOME CAUTION SINCE THE PARTICULAR NUMBER SKIPPED DEPENDS ON WHETHER THE NUMBER IS PRINTED AT THE TOP OR BOTTOM.
PAGES MAY BE LETTERED IN ADDITION TO THE NUMBER, TO CONVENIENTLY HANDLE INSERTED MATERIAL, BY THE ."SUBPAGE COMMANDS.
FINALLY ALL PAGING INFORMATION MAY BE SUPRESSED BY THE ."NO#PAGING COMMAND.
THESE COMMANDS ARE DESCRIBED INDIVIDUALLY BELOW.
4.5.5.1 "NUMBER - ^TURNS ON PAGE NUMBERING (NORMAL) AND IF N IS PRESENT,
SETS THE CURRENT PAGE NUMBER TO N.
\N CANNOT BE NEGATIVE.
_."NO#NUMBER DISABLES PRINTING OF THE ^HEADER ^LINE BUT CONTINUES TO COUNT PAGES.
IF NUMBERING IS RESTORED THE NORMAL PAGE NUMBER WILL APPEAR.
.S;.I 3;_."NUMBER N
.I 3;_."NM N
.I 3;_."NONUMBER
.I 3;_."NNM
4.5.5.2 "SUBPAGE - ^INSTEAD OF INCREMENTING THE PAGE NUMBER AS USUAL,
A LETTER ^A-^Z IS APPENDED TO THE PAGE NUMBER.
THIS IS USEFUL FOR INSERTING NEW MATERIAL INTO A MANUSCRIPT
WITHOUT CHANGING THE PAGE NUMBERS OF THE ORIGINAL.
IF MORE THAN 26 PAGES ARE COUNTED AN ERROR WILL BE REPORTED.
AT THE END OF THE INSERTED MATERIAL THE ."END#SUBPAGE COMMAND SHOULD BE USED TO REVERT TO NORMAL PAGE NUMBERING.
.S;.I 3;_."SUBPAGE
.I 3;_."SPG
.I 3;_."END "SUBPAGE
.I 3;_."ES
4.5.5.3 "PAGING - FORM PAGES WITH PAGE BREAKS AND HEADERS AND FOOTERS.
THIS IS THE NORMAL SETTING FOR "RUNOFF.
FOR "HELP FILES AND SIMILAR DOCUMENTS PAGES ARE NOT DESIRED.
THE COMMAND ".NO#PAGING WILL DISABLE PAGE FORMATION AND ALL RUNNING HEAD INFORMATION.
.S;.I 3;_."PAGING
.I 3;_."PA
.I 3;_."NOPAGING
.I 3;_."NPA
.PAGE
4.6 ^PARAMETER ^SETTINGS
4.6.1 ^MARGINS - ^SEVERAL COMMANDS ARE AVAILABLE TO ALTER THE POSITION OF THE LEFT AND RIGHT MARGINS.
THE WIDTH OF THE PRINTED OUTPUT ALSO AFFECTS THE EFFECTIVE MARGIN AS DOES THE ^OVER OPTION ON THE COMMAND LINE.
IT IS MOST CONVENIENT TO THINK OF THE MARGINS AS THE OFFSET OF THE BODY OF THE TEXT FROM THE
RUNNING HEADER INFORMATION WHICH IS ALWAYS LOCATED AT COLUMN 1 AND PAPER WIDTH.
THE TRUE LEFT MARGIN DEPENDS OF COURSE ON THE PHYSICAL ARRANGEMENT OF THE PAPER IN THE PRINTER
AND THE VALUE OF THE ^OVER OPTION.
IN GENERAL IT IS GOOD PRACTICE TO RESTRICT MARGIN COMMANDS WITHIN THE DOCUMENT TO THE RELATIVE FORMS (+ OR -)
TO ALLOW EASY REFORMATTING FOR VARIOUS OUTPUT DEVICES (I.E. ^TELETYPE OR ^LINE ^PRINTER).
4.6.1.1 "LEFT#MARGIN - ^CAUSES A "BREAK AFTER WHICH THE LEFT MARGIN IS SET TO N.
\N MUST BE LESS THAN THE RIGHT MARGIN, BUT NOT LESS THAN 0.
THE INITIAL SETTING IS 1.
THE AMOUNT OF ANY INDENT PLUS THE LEFT MARGIN
MUST NOT BE LESS THAN 0.
.S;.I 3;_."LEFT "MARGIN N
.I 3;_."LM N
4.6.1.2 "RIGHT#MARGIN - ^CAUSES A "BREAK AFTER WHICH THE RIGHT MARGIN IS SET TO N.
\N MUST BE GREATER THAN THE LEFT MARGIN.
THE INITIAL SETTING IS 70.
.S;.I 3;_."RIGHT "MARGIN N
.I 3;_."RM N
4.6.1.3 "MARGINS - ^CAUSES A "BREAK AFTER WHICH THE LEFT AND THE RIGHT MARGINS
ARE SET TO M AND N RESPECTIVELY.
THE LEFT MARGIN MUST NOT BE LESS THAN 0 AND THE RIGHT MARGIN
MUST NOT BE GREATER THAN THE PAGE WIDTH.
THE INITIAL SETTINGS FOR THE LEFT AND RIGHT
MARGINS ARE 1 AND 70.
THE NUMBER OF CHARACTERS ON A LINE WILL BE EQUAL TO OR
LESS THAN THE RIGHT MARGINS MINUS THE LEFT MARGIN MINUS ANY
INDENTING WHICH MAY BE SPECIFIED.
EVEN IF "FILLING HAS BEEN DISABLED, LINES
WILL NOT BE EXTENDED PAST THE RIGHT MARGIN.
.S;.I 3;_."MARGINS M,N
.I 3;_.^M M,N
4.6.1.4 "PAPER#SIZE - ^CAUSES A "BREAK AND SETS
THE NUMBER OF LINES PER PAGE TO M.
\M MUST BE GREATER THAN 17.
THE INITIAL SETTING IS 66.
\M INCLUDES THE TOP MARGIN OF 6 LINES AND
THE BOTTOM MARGIN OF 6 LINES.
THE SECOND ARGUMENT N, IS OPTIONAL.
IF IT IS PRESENT, IS SETS THE PAPER WIDTH
IN COLUMNS (INITIALLY 80).
IT MUST BE GREATER THAN THE LEFT MARGIN,
AND IT IS SET INTO THE RIGHT MARGIN AS IF A
"_.RIGHT "MARGIN N COMMAND HAD ALSO BEEN TYPED.
THIS COMMAND IS USUALLY USED ONLY AT THE BEGINNING OF A FILE,
BUT MAY BE USED THROUGHOUT IF NEEDED.
.S;.I 3;_."PAPER#SIZE M,N
.I 3;_."PAGE#SIZE M,N
.I 3;_."PG#SIZE M,N
.I 3;_."PS M,N
4.6.1.5 ^THE LOCATION OF THE PRINTING LEFT EDGE OF THE PAPER MAY BE RELOCATED
BY THE USE OF THE "OVER COMMAND.
THE "OVER COMMAND TAKES TWO ARGUMENTS WHICH ARE USED TO ADJUST THE BINDING MARGINS
ON EVEN AND ODD NUMBERED PAGES.
IF ONLY ONE ARGUMENT IS GIVEN IT IS USED FOR BOTH EVEN AND ODD PAGES.
THE EFFECT OF THIS COMMAND IS IDENTICAL TO THE COMMAND LINE "/O COMMAND AND
MAY APPEAR ONLY ONCE IN THE DOCUMENT.
IF IT APPEARS IN THE COMMAND LINE, ANY "OVER COMMANDS IN THE DOCUMENT ARE IGNORED.
.S;.I 3;_."OVER N,M
4.6.1.6 ^THE "DOWN COMMAND IS INCLUDED FOR COMPLETENESS.
IT IS EQUIVALENT TO THE "DOWN OPTION ON THE COMMAND LINE.
IT MOVES THE OUTPUT DOWN ON THE PAGE WITHOUT MODIFYING THE LINE COUNT.
IT MAY ONLY APPEAR ONCE IN EITHER THE TEXT OR THE COMMAND LINE.
.S;.I 3;".DOWN N
4.6.2 ^TABS - ^THIS GROUP OF COMMANDS ALLOWS THE SETTING OF THE ACTUAL VALUES OF THE TAB STOPS AND THE VARIOUS PARAMETERS FOR TAB INSERTION.
THE ASSUMPTION IS THAT TABS SHOULD BE EXPANDED WITH QUOTED SPACES (_#) IN ORDER THAT THEY NOT BE
PADDED ON OUTPUT.
IN GENERAL TABS SHOULD NOT BE USED ON LINES THAT ARE TO BE JUSTIFIED, BUT IF THEY ARE THEN ANY FORMAL BLANKS PRECEDING THE TAB SHOULD BE QUOTED.
IT IS SOMETIMES CONVENIENT TO USE SUCH CONSTRUCTIONS FOR SPECIAL EFFECTS.
4.6.2.1 "TAB#STOPS - ^SETS NEW TAB STOPS AS SPECIFIED.
THE SEVERAL N (MAXIMUM OF 32 TAB SETTINGS) MUST BE
GREATER THAN ZERO AND IN INCREASING ORDER.
THEY ARE ABSOLUTE POSITIONS OF TAB STOPS.
TABS ARE INITIALLY SET TO 9, 17, 25, ...
THE APPEARANCE OF A TAB IN THE SOURCE TEXT WILL BE TRANSLATED
TO ONE OR MORE SPACES OR QUOTED SPACES (_#), THE AMOUNT NECESSARY TO ADVANCE
TO THE NEXT TAB STOP.
IF A TAB APPEARS AT A POINT WHERE NO FURTHER
TAB STOPS HAVE BEEN SET ON A LINE, THE TAB WILL BE TREATED
AS THOUGH IT HAD BEEN A SPACE.
.S;.I 3;_."TAB "STOPS N1,N2,...,N32
.I 3;_."TS N1,N2,...,N32
4.6.2.2 "TABS#QUOTE - ^EXPAND TABS WITH QUOTED SPACES (_#).
THIS IS THE ASSUMED CONDITION.
ON A LINE THAT IS NOT JUSTIFIED IT DOES NOT MATTER WHICH MODE OF EXPANSION IS USED, BUT ON A JUSTIFIED LINE QUOTED TABS WILL PREVENT PADDING OF THE FORMAT.
THE COMMAND ."NOTABS#QUOTE DISABLES THIS FEATURE.
.S;.I 3;_."TABS#QUOTE
.I 3;_."TQ
.I 3;_."NO#TABS#QUOTE
.I 3;_."NTQ
4.6.2.3 ^TAB ^REFERENCE - "RUNOFF ASSUMES THAT TAB STOPS ARE SET SUCH THAT
EACH TAB STOP IS RELATIVE TO THE ^&ABSOLUTE\& LEFT MARGIN
SETTING OF 1, NO MATTER WHAT THE LEFT MARGIN SETTING IS.
THIS ASSUMPTION MAY BE CHANGED TO BE RELATIVE TO THE CURRENT LEFT MARGIN.
IF THE COMMAND ."TABS#RELATIVE IS GIVEN "RUNOFF WILL ASSUME THAT TAB STOPS ARE SET ^&RELATIVE\&
TO THE CURRENT LEFT MARGIN SETTING.
_."TABS#ABSOLUTE RESTORES THE ORIGINAL ASSUMPTION.
IN NO CASE MAY A TAB STOP HAVE A NEGATIVE VALUE, EVEN IF RELATIVE TABS ARE USED.
IF DESIRED SUCH AN EFFECT MAY BE ACHIEVED THROUGH A NEGATIVE INDENT.
.S;.I 3;_."TABS "ABSOLUTE
.I 3;_."TA
.I 3;_."TABS "RELATIVE
.I 3;_."TR
4.6.3 ^INDENTED ^TEXT - ^TWO COMMANDS ARE AVAILABLE TO SET IN A BLOCK OF TEXT EITHER AS A LIST OR NOTE.
BOTH COMMANDS SAVE THE CURRENT MARGIN AND FILL AND JUSTIFY MODES.
THE COMMANDS CAN BE NESTED TO AN AGGREGATE DEPTH OF 5 AND USE A COMMON UNNESTING ROUTINE.
(I.E. THE "END#LIST AND "END#NOTE COMMANDS ARE EQUIVALENT)
4.6.3.1 "LIST - ^SET THE LEFT MARGIN IN BY 9 FOR THE FIRST OCCURENCE AND 4 FOR EACH SUBSEQUENT OCCURENCE.
THE COMMAND SAVES THE STATUS OF "FILL AND "JUSTIFY AS WELL AS THE LEFT AND RIGHT
MARGIN SETTINGS.
THE "END#LIST COMMAND UNNESTS THE LAST "LIST (OR "NOTE) COMMAND
AND LEAVES 1 BLANK LINE.
.S;.I 3;_."LIST
.I 3;_."LS
.I 3;_."END#LIST
.I 3;_."ELS
4.6.3.2 "NOTE - ^THE "NOTE COMMAND SETS THE LEFT AND RIGHT MARGINS IN BY 9 FOR THE FIRST OCCURENCE AND 4 FOR EACH ADDITIONAL OCCURENCE.
EACH OCCURENCE CAUSES ONE LINE TO BE SKIPPED.
IN ADDITION THE REST OF THE COMMAND LINE OR THE NEXT LINE IS CENTERED.
THE "END#NOTE COMMAND UNNESTS THE MARGINS (AND "FILL AND "JUSTIFY) AT EACH OCCURENCE
AND LEAVES A BLANK LINE FOLLOWING THE INSET NOTE.
.S;.I 3;_."NOTE
.I 3;_."NT
.I 3;_."END#NOTE
.I 3;_."EN
4.6.4 "SPACING - ^THE SPACING COMMAND CAUSES A "BREAK AFTER WHICH THE
LINE SPACING WILL BE SET TO N.
\N MUST BE WITHIN THE RANGE 1 TO 5.
SINGLE SPACING IS 1, DOUBLE SPACING IS 2, ETC.
SINGLE SPACING IS INITIALLY ASSUMED.
.S;.I 3;_."SPACING N
.I 3;_."SP N
.PAGE
4.7 ^FLAG ^CHARACTERS
4.7.1 ^GENERAL - ^THE SPECIAL CHARACTERS RECOGNIZED BY "RUNOFF MAY BE CONTROLLED BY THIS GROUP OF COMMANDS.
COMMANDS ARE AVAILABLE TO ENABLE OR DISABLE INDIVIDUAL FLAG CHARACTERS OR ALL OF THE FLAG CHARACTERS.
THE VARIOUS FLAGS HAVE NAMES WHICH ARE USED AS ARGUMENTS TO THE ."FLAG COMMANDS.
THESE NAMES AND THE ASSOCIATED FLAG CHARACTERS ARE LISTED BELOW:
.NF;.S 2
.LM +27
.TS 1,9,17,28
.I -24;"KEYWORD "CHARACTER "ACTION
.I -24;"CONTROL ###(_.) COLUMN 1 COMMAND FLAG
.I -24;"ENDFOOTNOTE ###(_!) COLUMN 1 END OF FOOTNOTE
.B
.I -24;"LOWERCASE ###(_\) LOWER CASE AND UNLOCK
.I -24;"QUOTE ###(__) QUOTING CHARACTER
.I -24;"SPACE ###(_#) QUOTED SPACE
.I -24;"UNDERLINE ###(_&) UNDERLINING
.I -24;"UPPERCASE ###(_^) UPPER CASE AND LOCK
.B
.I -24;"CAPITALIZE ###(_<) CAPITALIZE ENTIRE WORD
.I -24;"FIRSTCAPITALIZE#(_') CAPITALIZE FIRST CHARACTER OF WORD
.I -24;"HYPHEN ###(_-) OPTIONALLY HYPHENATE THE WORD AT THIS POINT
.I -24;"INDEX ###(_>) CREATE AN INDEX ENTRY USING THIS WORD. ^INDEX IS NOT YET IMPLEMENTED.
.F;.LM -27
.S
4.7.2 "FLAG - ^THE FLAG COMMAND TAKES ONE OF THE NOUN ARGUMENTS ABOVE AND AN OPTIONAL CHARACTER ARGUMENT.
IF THE CHARACTER IS PRESENT IT BECOMES THE FLAG CHARACTER ASSOCIATED WITH THE KEYWORD FUNCTION.
IF THE CHARACTER IS AN EXISTING FLAG CHARACTER (STRONGLY DISCOURAGED) OR _"!_" OR _";_" WHICH HAVE SPECIAL MEANING ON COMMAND
LINES IT MUST BE QUOTED USING THE _"___" CHARACTER.
THE ACTION OF THE FLAG CHARACTER MAY BE SUPRESSED BY THE ".NO#FLAG FORM OF THE COMMAND IN WHICH CASE THE CHARACTER
ARGUMENT IS IGNORED.
.S;.I 3;_."FLAG "X
.I 3;_."FLAG "X C
.I 3;_."NOFLAG "X
.I 3;_."NFL "X
4.7.3 "FLAGS#ALL - ^THE "FLAGS#ALL COMMAND WILL RESTORE THE GROUP OF FLAGS ACTIVE AT THE TIME OF OCCURENCE OF THE LAST
_."NO#FLAGS#ALL COMMAND.
ANY FLAGS ACTIVATED BETWEEN THE LAST ".NO#FLAGS#ALL AND THE FOLLOWING ".FLAGS#ALL ARE DISABLED BY THE COMMAND.
WHEN THE ."NO#FLAGS#ALL COMMAND IS GIVEN THE RECOGNITION OF ALL FLAGS WILL BE SUPPRESSED,
EXCEPT FOR THE "CONTROL (NORMALLY '.') AND THE
"ENDFOOTNOTE (NORMALLY '!') FLAG CHARACTERS,
WHICH WILL ALWAYS REMAIN ACTIVE.
IN ADDITION THE CURRENT FLAG SETTINGS WILL BE SAVED.
.S;.I 3;_."FLAGS "ALL
.I 3;_."FLAGS
.I 3;_."NOFLAGS "ALL
.I 3;_."NOFLAGS
.I 3;_."NFL "ALL
.I 3;_."NFL
.PAGE
4.8 ^TEXT ^PLACEMENT
4.8.1 ^GENERAL - ^THE FOLLOWING COMMANDS ALLOW TEXT TO BE PLACED IN VARIOUS POSITIONS ON THE PAGE WITH RESPECT TO EITHER THE MARGINS OR WIDTH OR PAGE BOTTOM.
4.8.2 ^CENTERING - ^THESE COMMANDS CAUSE A "BREAK AFTER WHICH THEY CENTER THE
NEXT LINE FOLLOWING IN THE SOURCE FILE.
THE CENTERING IS OVER THE COLUMN N/2, INDEPENDENT
OF THE SETTING OF THE LEFT AND RIGHT MARGINS.
IF N IS MISSING, N IS ASSUMED TO BE THE PAPER WIDTH,
WHICH IS INITIALLY 80.
(SEE ".PAPER "SIZE COMMAND).
CENTERED LINES WILL BE KEPT WITHIN THE PAGE SIZE.
THUS CENTERING CANNOT BE USED TO EXCEED THE WIDTH OF A PAGE.
TABS ARE CONVERTED TO SPACES ON A LINE WHICH IS BEING CENTERED.
THE "CENTER "WIDTH COMMAND IS EXACTLY THE SAME AS A
"_.CENTER N COMMAND WHERE N IS THE PAGE WIDTH.
THE ".CENTER "MARGINS COMMAND CENTERS THE NEXT LINE
USING THE CURRENT MARGINS AS BOUNDS.
IF M AND/OR N ARE SPECIFIED, THEN THE FOLLOWING LINE WILL BE
CENTERED AS IF THE LEFT MARGIN AND THE RIGHT MARGIN
HAD BEEN RESET TO M AND N, RESPECTIVELY.
THIS COMMAND DOES ^&NOT\& MODIFY THE MARGIN SETTINGS.
THE ^BRITISH SPELLING ".CENTRE MAY BE USED ANYWHERE
"_.CENTER IS USED.
.S;.I 3;_."CENTER N
.I 3;_."CENTRE N
.I 3;_.^C N
.I 3;_."CENTER "MARGINS M,N
.I 3;_.^C "MARGINS M,N
.I 3;_."CM M,N
.I 3;_."CENTER "WIDTH
.I 3;_.^C "WIDTH
.I 3;_."CW
4.8.3 "LEFT - ^CAUSES A BREAK AND JUSTIFIES THE NEXT LINE AGAINST
THE LEFT MARGIN. IF N IS SPECIFIED, IT IS ASSUMED TO
BE THE LEFT MARGIN USED FOR JUSTIFYING THE NEXT LINE
ONLY.
.S;.I 3;_."LEFT N
.I 3;_."L N
4.8.4 "RIGHT - ^CAUSES A BREAK AND JUSTIFIES THE NEXT LINE AGAINST
THE RIGHT MARGIN. IF N IS SPECIFIED, IT IS ASSUMED TO
BE THE RIGHT MARGIN USED FOR JUSTIFYING THE NEXT LINE
ONLY.
.S;.I 3;_."RIGHT N
.I 3;_."R N
4.8.5 "FOOTNOTE - ^ALLOCATES N*LINE SPACING LINES AT THE BOTTOM OF
THE CURRENT PAGE FOR A FOOTNOTE (1).
.FOOTNOTE 10
.M +10,-10
.SKIP 3
.CENTER;- - - - - - - - - - -
(1) ^THIS IS A FOOTNOTE.
THIS TEXT AND THE DIVIDING LINE
ABOVE WERE SPECIFIED BY TEXT AND
COMMANDS FOLLOWING A ".FOOTNOTE 10 COMMAND.
! END OF THE FOOTNOTE
^IF INSUFFICIENT ROOM REMAINS ON THE CURRENT PAGE,
SPACE WILL BE ALLOCATED AT THE BOTTOM OF THE FOLLOWING
PAGE. THE TEXT FOR THE FOOTNOTE BEGINS ON THE LINE
FOLLOWING THE COMMAND, AND IT MAY CONTAIN ANY
APPROPRIATE COMMANDS (E.G. ".CENTER, ".SKIP)
NECESSARY TO FORMAT THE FOOTNOTE.
THE FOOTNOTE IS TERMINATED BY A LINE BEGINNING WITH
AN EXCLAMATION POINT (THE REMAINDER OF THE LINE IS
IGNORED). THE LINES DELIMITED BY THIS LINE AND
THE ".FOOTNOTE COMMAND ARE PUT INTO AN INTERNAL BUFFER
TO BE PROCESSED WHEN THE OUTPUT MOVES TO WITHIN THE
STATED DISTANCE OF THE BOTTOM OF THE PAGE.
IF A PAGE HAS MULTIPLE FOOTNOTES, THE ALLOCATED SPACE
IS THE SUM OF THE ALLOCATIONS FOR ALL FOOTNOTES
ASSIGNED TO THE PAGE.
THE USER MUST INCLUDE HIS CHOICE OF FOOTNOTE-DESIGNATING
SYMBOLS WITHIN HIS TEXT.
BEFORE ACTUALLY OUTPUTTING A FOOTNOTE, THE LEFT
AND RIGHT MARGINS, LINE SPACING, PARAGRAPH INDENTION,
CASE LOCK (UPPER OR LOWER), AND JUSTIFY AND FILL
MODES ARE SAVED.
THE FOOTNOTE CAN THEREFORE CONTAIN COMMANDS TO CHANGE
THESE PARAMETERS AND THE EFFECT WILL BE LIMITED
TO ONLY THE FOOTNOTE TEXT.
JUST BEFORE THE FOOTNOTE IS OUTPUT,
JUSTIFY AND FILL MODES ARE SET AND
LINE SPACING IS SET TO SINGLE SPACING.
THE LEFT MARGIN IS SET TO 1 AND THE RIGHT MARGIN
TO THE PAGE WIDTH, THUS RELATIVE MARGIN COMMANDS
MAY BE GIVEN TO MODIFY THE MARGINS FROM THESE SETTINGS.
IN ADDITION, PARAGRAPH INDENTION IS CLEARED,
AND THE CASE LOCK IS SET TO THE CASE AT THE TIME
THE ".FOOTNOTE COMMAND WAS GIVEN.
AT THE COMPLETION OF THE FOOTNOTE, THE PARAMETERS
ARE RESTORED.
THE ACTUAL SPACE TAKEN BY THE FOOTNOTE MAY BE MORE
OR LESS THAN THAT SPECIFIED BY N.
THE N MERELY ALLOCATES SPACE AND SHOULD BE THE USER'S
BEST GUESS. IF IT IS CONSIDERABLY OFF, THE FOOTNOTE
LINES MAY OVERFLOW THE PAGE, OR EXTRA SPACE MAY
BE LEFT AT THE BOTTOM.
THE USER MAY WISH TO ADJUST N AFTER EXAMINING
A FIRST DRAFT PRINTOUT.
FOOTNOTES ARE NOT ALLOWED WITHIN FOOTNOTES.
CERTAIN OTHER COMMANDS, SUCH AS ".PAGE, ".TEST PAGE,
ETC. ARE ALLOWED BUT ARE NOT PROCESSED.
.S;.I 3;_."FOOTNOTE N
.I 3;_."FN N
.PG
4.9 ^MISCELLANEOUS
4.9.1 "UPPER#CASE - ^THIS COMMAND SETS UPPER CASE MODE.
IT IS EQUIVALENT TO _^_^.
.S;.I 3;_."UPPER "CASE
.I 3;_."UC
4.9.2 "LOWER#CASE - ^THIS COMMAND SETS LOWER CASE MODE.
IT IS EQUIVALENT TO _\_\.
THE INITIAL SETTING IS LOWER CASE MODE.
.S;.I 3;_."LOWER "CASE
.I 3;_."LC
.BR
AN ADDITIONAL FEATURE OF THE LOWER CASE OR OFF FUNCTION FLAG CHARACTER IS THAT
THE CHARACTER, IF IT APPEARS AS THE LAST CHARACTER ON A LINE, INHIBITS END OF
LINE RECOGNITION.
HOWEVER, THE MAXIMUM LINE SIZE IS STILL RESTRICTED TO 132 CHARACTERS.
.S 1
4.9.3 "CONTROL#CHARACTERS - ^THIS COMMAND WILL ALLOW CONTROL CHARACTERS TO BE PASSED
TO THE OUTPUT FILE FROM THE SOURCE TEXT.
THE CONTROL CHARACTERS WILL BE TREATED AS NON_-SPACING CHARACTERS
I.E. THEY WILL NOT BE COUNTED IN COMPUTING LINE LENGTH FOR FILLING
AND JUSTIFICATION.
IN ADDITION, THE CHARACTER "BS (10 "OCTAL) SUBTRACTS ONE FROM THE CURRENT LINE
COUNT SO IF THE OUTPUT DEVICE CAN ACCEPT CONTROL CHARACTERS FOR
SPECIAL FUNCTIONS THEY MAY BE FREELY PASSED THROUGH "RUNOFF.
FOR EXAMPLE A PRINTING DEVICE MIGHT USE "CTRL/N AND "CTRL/O FOR HALF SHIFT UP
AND HALF SHIFT DOWN.
A "RUNOFF MONOGRAM COULD BE GENERATED BY THE FOLLOWING COMMAND:
.S;.I 3
".C;R_^NU_^NNO_^OF_^OF_^H_^OF_^H_^OO_^HN_^H_^NU_^N.
.S 1
ESCAPE SEQUENCES MAY ALSO BE PASSED BY THIS MECHANISM BUT THE CHARACTERS
FOLLOWING THE ESCAPE, SINCE THEY ARE NOMINALLY PRINTING CHARACTERS, PRESENT SOME DIFFICULTIES.
THE COMMAND ".NO#CONTROL#CHARACTERS
WILL PREVENT ANY UNQUOTED CONTROL CHARACTERS FROM PASSING TO THE OUTPUT FILE.
ANY CONTROL CHARACTERS CAUSE AN ERROR MESSAGE
TO BE PRINTED AND WILL BE IGNORED.
THIS IS THE ASSUMED MODE.
ANY CONTROL CHARACTERS QUOTED WITH THE _"___" WILL BE PASSED UNMODIFIED AS ANY OTHER QUOTED CHARACTER WILL.
THE CHARACTER BACKSPACE "CTRL/H IS TREATED SPECIALLY IN THAT IT REDUCES THE
PHYSICAL LINE COUNT WHEN PROCESSED.
THIS ALLOWS USER DEVELOPED OVERSTRIKES WHEN OUTPUT TO AN APPROPRIATE DEVICE
WHICH SUPPORTS THE BACKSPACE CHARACTER.
ON TERMINALS THAT REQUIRE ESCAPE SEQUENCES FOR CONTROL FUNCTIONS THE ESCAPE
CHARACTER WILL BE NON_-SPACING, BUT THE FOLLOWING CHARACTER WILL NOT.
IF THE DEVICE ALSO IGNORED BACKSPACES (AN UNLIKELY OCCURRENCE)
ONE OR MORE BACKSPACE CHARACTERS COULD BE USED TO ADJUST
THE LINE COUNT.
IN GENERAL FOR SUCH DEVICES A HANDLER MAY BE WRITTEN TO GENERATE THE
APPROPRIATE ESCAPE SEQUENCES TO THE DEVICE WHEN SPECIFIC CONTROL CODES
ARE TRAPPED IN THE OUTPUT STREAM.
AT THIS FACILITY WE ARE USING "_^O FOR HALF SHIFT UP (SUPERSCRIPT) AND
"_^N FOR HALF SHIFT DOWN (SUBSCRIPT).
.S;.I 3;_."CONTROL#CHARACTERS
.I 3;_."CC
.I 3;_."NO#CONTROL#CHARACTERS
.I 3;_."NCC
.TP 7
4.9.4 "COMMENT - ^THE "COMMENT COMMAND MAY BE USED TO INSERT A COMMENT IN THE INPUT STREAM.
THE REMAINDER OF THE LINE IS IGNORED INCLUDING ANY SPECIAL CHARACTERS APPEARING ON THE LINE.
.S;.I 3;_."COMMENT
4.9.5 "RESET - ^THE "RESET COMMAND REINITIALIZES ALL THE INTERNAL VARIABLES AND BUFFERS OF "RUNOFF.
IF SEVERAL SMALL INDEPENDENT DOCUMENTS ARE TO BE PROCESSED TOGETHER THE "RESET COMMAND SHOULD APPEAR
AT THE START OF EACH DOCUMENT.
THE ACTION OF THE COMMAND IS THE SAME AS RESTARTING "RUNOFF FOLLOWING THE COMMAND LINE INPUT.
(SEE "APPENDIX#B FOR SETTINGS.)
.S;.I 3;_."RESET
.PAGE
.EVEN "CHAPTER#5 ^ERROR#^MESSAGES
.ODD "CHAPTER#5 ^ERROR#^MESSAGES
5.1 ^ERROR ^FORMAT - ^ALL ERROR MESSAGES ARE OUTPUT ON A LINE BY THEMSELVES AND HAVE THE FORM.
"??RNO.XX.F.PP.LL
WHERE "_"XX_" IS ONE OF THE ERROR MNEMONICS LISTED BELOW, _"^F_" IS THE INPUT FILE NUMBER, "_"PP_"
IS THE INPUT PAGE NUMBER, AND "_"LL_" IS THE LINE NUMBER ON THE PAGE.
THE ERROR MESSAGE IS INSERTED INTO THE OUTPUT STREAM AS "CR-LF ERROR MESSAGE "CR-LF.
THE ERROR MESSAGE DOES NOT OTHERWISE AFFECT THE FORMATTING SO THAT A SUITABLE EDIT MACRO IN "TECO OR "SCROLL MAY BE USED TO REMOVE ALL THE ERROR MESSAGES IN THE OUTPUT.
THE OPTION SWITCH "/K MAY ALSO BE USED TO PREVENT ERROR MESSAGES FROM APPEARING IN THE OUTPUT
AND THE OPTION "/N MAY BE USED TO HAVE ERROR MESSAGES LOGGED ON THE CONSOLE TERMINAL.
5.2 ^ERROR ^CODES - ^THE FOLLOWING IS AN ALPHABETIC LIST OF ALL THE "OS/8 "RUNOFF ERROR CODES:
.LM +3;.TR
.NF;.TS 5
.S 2
"BA ^BAD ^ARGUMENT TO A COMMAND
.B
"BC ^BAD ^COMMAND -- ^ILLEGAL COMMAND GIVEN
.B
"BL ^BAD ^LETTER -- ^TOO MANY SUBPAGES
.B
"BM ^BAD ^MARGINS -- ILLEGAL MARGINS SETTINGS
.B
"DF ^PAGE OVERFLOW ON ^DEFERRED ^FIGURE -- "(FATAL)
.B
"EC ^EXTRA CHARACTERS ON COMMAND LINE
.B
"FF ^FOOTNOTE COMMAND INSIDE FOOTNOTE -- "(FATAL)
.B
"FG ^ILLEGAL ".FLAG OR ".FLAGS COMMAND
.B
"FN ^TOO MANY LINES ALLOCATED FOR A FOOTNOTE -- "(FATAL)
.B
"FO ^NO MORE ROOM IN FOOTNOTE BUFFER -- "(FATAL)
.B
"FX ^FOOTNOTE BUFFER EXHAUSTED -- "(FATAL)
.B
"GJ ^IGNORING EXCESS ^GARBAGE CHARACTERS ON COMMAND LINE
.B
"HD ^ILLEGAL ".HEADER ARGUMENT
.B
"HL ^HEADING, ^SUBTITLE OR ^TITLE BUFFER FULL
.B
"IC ^ILLEGAL ^CONTROL ^CHARACTER
.B
"IE ^INPUT ^ERROR READING FILE -- ("FATAL)
.B
"LH ^LONG ^HEADER -- ^A ^RUNNING ^HEAD ^LINE TOO LONG
.B
"LL ^LONG ^LINE FOR ".CENTER, ".LEFT, ".RIGHT OR ^HEADER ^LINE
.B
"LM ^LEFT ^MARGIN ERROR -- ^MARGIN IS SET TO 1
.B
"ML ^OVER 132 CHARACTERS IN LINE BUFFER -- ("FATAL)
.B
"NM ^NOTE OR ^LIST ^MARGIN ERROR -- ^MARGINS ARE UNCHANGED
.B
"NS ^NEST ERROR -- OVER 5 NESTED NOTE OR LIST COMMANDS
.B
"NY ^NOT ^YET IMPLEMENTED VALID "RUNOFF COMMAND
.B
"OE ^OUTPUT LINE ^ERROR -- "(FATAL) BUG IN PROGRAM
.B
"OF ^OUTPUT ^FILE ERROR -- "(FATAL) DEVICE ERROR
.B
"PF ^PAGE OVERFLOW ON DEFERRED FIGURE OR FOOTNOTE --
("FATAL)
.B
"PG ^ILLEGAL ^PAGE NUMBER -- PAGE NUMBER LESS THAN ZERO
.B
"PS ^PAGE ^SIZE ERROR -- LENGTH < 10 OR WIDTH > 132
.B
"RM ^RIGHT ^MARGIN ERROR -- ^RIGHT MARGIN SET TO WIDTH
.B
"SM ^SEQUENCE ^MARGIN ERROR -- ^SEQUENCE NUMBERS TOO BIG
.B
"SO ^STACK ^OVERFLOW -- "(FATAL) BUG IN PROGRAM
.B
"SU ^STACK ^UNDERFLOW -- "(FATAL) BUG IN PROGRAM
.B
"TS ^TAB ^STOPS -- ^MORE THAN 32 STOPS SPECIFIED
.B
.F
.P 0
.LM -3;.TA
.PAGE
.EVEN "APPENDIX#A "RUNOFF"#^STANDARDS
.ODD "APPENDIX#A "RUNOFF"#^STANDARDS
^THERE ARE SEVERAL IMPLEMENTATIONS OF "RUNOFF CURRENTLY AVAILABLE ON "DEC COMPUTERS.
AS OF THIS WRITING THERE HAS BEEN NO REAL EFFORT TO STABILIZE THE LANGUAGE OR EXERCISE ANY CONTROL OVER THE DIALECTS.
IN THE ABSENCE OF SUCH EFFORTS, WE FEEL THAT NEW IMPLEMENTATIONS SHOULD REMAIN AS CLOSE AS POSSIBLE TO THE "DEC"SYSTEM-10 VERSION.
HOWEVER, MANY COMMANDS IN THE "DEC"SYSTEM-10 VERSION ARE NOT CLEAR IN THE CURRENTLY AVAILABLE
DOCUMENTATION AND OTHERS SEEM TO HAVE BEEN ADDED WITH SPECIAL RATHER THAN GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS IN MIND.
WE FEEL THAT THE ADDITION OF A ^MACRO FACILITY TO "RUNOFF MIGHT ALLEVIATE SOME DIALECT PROBLEMS.
IN THIS CASE THE ^MACROS COULD BE ADDED AT RUN TIME AND DEFINE ADDITIONAL LOCAL OR DIALECTIC COMMANDS.
THE REMAINDER OF THE DOCUMENT COULD THEN EMPLOY THESE COMMANDS AS THOUGH THEY WERE STANDARD COMMANDS.
OUR THOUGHTS ARE STILL SOMEWHAT VAGUE BUT THE FACILITY WOULD BE ABLE TO DEFINE NEW COMMANDS IN THE "RUNOFF INPUT DOCUMENT
AND BE ABLE TO ACCESS VARIOUS INTERNAL AND USER DEFINED VARIABLES.
WE WELCOME ANY SUGGESTIONS OR INPUTS IN THIS AREA.
THE MAJOR DIFFERENCES BETWEEN "OS/8 AND "DEC"SYSTEM-10 "RUNOFF ARE LISTED BELOW IN THREE GROUPS.
.LS
.I -4
1.##"DEC"SYSTEM-10 FEATURES NOT AVAILABLE IN "OS/8
.I -4
2.##"OS/8 FEATURES NOT FOUND IN "DEC"SYSTEM-10
.I -4
3.##^COMMON FEATURES THAT ARE INTERPRETED DIFFERENTLY WITH AN EXPLANATION OF THE DIFFERENCES.
.LS;.NF
^&"DEC"SYSTEM-10\&
.UC
END FOOTNOTE LIST ELEMENT
HEADER LEVEL DO INDEX
STANDARD PRINT INDEX
APPENDIX SUBINDEX
AUTOTABLE INDEX
BEGIN BAR IF
ENABLE BAR ELSE
DISABLE BAR ENDIF
END BAR VARIABLE
NO SPACE IFNOT
LITERAL SELECTION
END LITERAL END SELECTION
NUMBER APPENDIX NO SELECTION
NUMBER CHAPTER NO SUBTITLE
NUMBER INDEX
NUMBER LEVEL
NUMBER LIST
NUMBER PAGE
NUMBER SUBPAGE
.S 2
^&OS/8\&
AUTOCAPITALIZE EVEN
TABS RELATIVE ODD
TABS QUOTE RESET
PAGE EVEN OVER
PAGE ODD DOWN
.ELS;.ELS
.LC
"HEADER
.
^IN "DEC"SYSTEM-10 "RUNOFF THE "HEADER COMMAND CONTROLS ONLY THE FORM OF THE WORD _"PAGE_".
^THERE IS NOT CONTROL OVER PLACEMENT OF THE HEADER LINE.
^IN "OS/8 "RUNOFF THE "HEADER COMMAND HAS THE ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS OF SPECIFYING PLACEMENT OF THE LINE,
FORMAT OF THE LINE, AND THE NUMBERING SYSTEM TO BE USED.
CONSULT SECTION 4.7 FOR THE DETAILS.
"CHAPTER
.
^IN "DEC"SYSTEM-10 "RUNOFF THE "CHAPTER COMMAND CAUSES A PAGE ADVANCE AND CENTERS THE WORD _""CHAPTER_" 12 LINES DOWN ON THE NEW PAGE FOLLOWED BY A NUMBER.
IT ALSO INCREMENTS THE CHAPTER NUMBER.
THE TEXT ARGUMENT IS THEN CENTERED 2 LINES BELOW THIS AND THE ARGUMENT BECOMES THE TITLE
ON SUBSEQUENT PAGES.
IN "OS/8 "RUNOFF THE "CHAPTER COMMAND ONLY LOADS THE CHAPTER BUFFER WHICH IS PRINTED ON THE PAGE NUMBER LINE OF EACH SUBSEQUENT PAGE.
"TITLE "SUBTITLE
.
THE "DEC"SYSTEM-10 "RUNOFF LEFT JUSTIFIES THE TITLE AND SUBTITLE WHILE THE "OS/8 VERSION CENTERS THESE LINES.
IN ADDITION THE "OS/8 VERSION PLACES THEM FURTHER DOWN ON THE PAGE BY A SPECIFIED AMOUNT.
"NOTE "LIST
.
^THE "NOTE COMMAND IN "DEC"SYSTEM-10 "RUNOFF CAUSES THE MARGINS TO BE SET IN BY 15 AND CENTERS THE WORD _""NOTE_".
IN "OS/8 THE TEXT ARGUMENT, OR THE NEXT LINE IF NO ARGUMENT IS GIVEN,
IS CENTERED AND THE MARGINS ARE SET IN BY 9.
"FLAG
.
^THE "FLAG COMMANDS ARE INTERPRETED THE SAME IN THE TWO VERSIONS BUT THE KEYWORDS "INDEX AND "SUBINDEX ARE AVAILABLE IN THE "DEC"SYSTEM-10 VERSION AND NOT IN "OS/8.
THE KEYWORDS "HYPHEN AND "FIRSTCAPITALIZE ARE AVAILABLE IN THE "OS/8 VERSION AND NOT IN "DEC"SYSTEM-10
"CENTER "RIGHT
.
^IN THE "OS/8 VERSION THE MODIFIED CENTERING COMMANDS "CENTER#WIDTH AND "CENTER#MARGINS ARE AVAILABLE.
THE "RIGHT COMMAND ARGUMENT IN "OS/8 IS THE NEW RIGHT MARGIN (IT CAN BE RELATIVE) WHILE IN "DEC"SYSTEM-10 IT IS THE INSET FROM THE RIGHT MARGIN.
.PAGE
.EVEN "APPENDIX#B ^COMMAND#^DEFAULTS
.ODD "APPENDIX#B ^COMMAND#^DEFAULTS
WHEN LOADED, ASSUMING NO COMMAND LINE OPTIONS, THE STATE OF "RUNOFF IS AS THOUGH THE FOLLOWING COMMANDS HAD BEEN EXECUTED.
.LS;.NF;_."LOWER#CASE
_."PERIOD
_."AUTOCAPITALIZE
_."FLAG#LOWERCASE _\
_."FLAG#QUOTE __
_."FLAG#SPACE _#
_."FLAG#UNDERLINE _&
_."FLAG#UPPERCASE _^
_."NO#FLAG#CAPITALIZE
_."NO#FLAG#HYPHEN
_."NO#FLAG#INDEX
_."NO#FLAG#FIRSTCAPITALIZE
_."NO#CONTROL#CHARACTERS
_."TABS#QUOTE
_."TABS#ABSOLUTE
_."TAB#STOPS 1,9,17,25,33,41,.....,249
_."PAGE#SIZE 66,70
_."LEFT#MARGIN 1
_."RIGHT#MARGIN 70
_."SPACING 1
_."NUMBER
_."PAGING
_."CHAPTER
_."SUBTITLE
_."TITLE
_."EVEN
_."ODD
_."PAGE#BOTTOM 3,2
_."PAGE#TOP 1,2
_."HEADER#TOP#SOLID#RIGHT#UPPER#ARABIC
_."FILL
_."JUSTIFY
_."PARAGRAPH 5,-1,2
.ELS
^VARIOUS OPTION SWITCHES CAN MODIFY THE ABOVE SET.
IF THIS HAS OCCURED THE VALUES DERIVED FROM THE OPTION SWITCHES BECOME THE DEFAULT SETTINGS FOR THAT RUN.
THE ".RESET COMMAND RESTORES THE CURRENT DEFAULT SETTINGS OF THE ABOVE LIST.
.PAGE
.EVEN "APPENDIX#C "PATCHES#FOR#OPTIONS
.ODD "APPENDIX#C "PATCHES#FOR#OPTIONS
THE FOLLOWING MATERIAL IS COPIED FROM THE "SPRING 1977 "WVU
"SOFTWARE "NEWS.
.S
^^
.LS;.NF
Backspace Character
16602/ 0027 Alt BS - BS
16601/0010 BS
Page Length
16602/ 7773 Normal Length - Alternate Length
16603/ 0101 Alternate Length
Underline Character
17000/ 7716 Alternate Char - Underline
17001/ 0137 Underline
Alternate Width Selection
17002/ 7755 Alternate Width - Normal Width
17003/ 0117 Normal Width (79 columns)
Alternate Line Spacing
17061/ 7240 Alternate is double spaced
7344 Change to triple space
Alternate Underline Mode
17075/ 7350 Alternately use backspace
7240 Alternate no underline
7201 Alternately use separate
(Change the character too.)
.en
To implement the above patches, first calculate the new values and then
patch the save image with ODT or FUTIL.
The location "/" syntax indicates the current value of the storage location.
An effort will be made to preserve these locations in future releases.
\\
.PAGE
.ODD "APPENDIX#D "RUNOFF#COMMANDS
.EVEN "APPENDIX#D "RUNOFF#COMMANDS
.NF
.TS 25,30,35,40
^ALL COMMANDS MUST BE PRECEDED BY A PERIOD (.).
^* DENOTES COMMANDS MODIFIED BY ".ENG OR ".SWE
.LM +24
.B 2
.I -24
"AUTOCAPITALIZE ^CAPITALIZE FIRST CHARACTER OF
.I -24;"AC PARAGRAPH AND SENTENCES
.S;.I -24
"AUTOPARAGRAPH ^TREAT LEADING SPACES AS NEW
.I -24;"AP PARAGRAPH
.S;.I -24
"BLANK \N ^SKIP N LINES
.I -24;"B \N
.S;.I -24
"BREAK ^START NEW OUTPUT LINES
.I -24;"BR
.S;.I -24
"CENTER N ^CENTER NEXT LINE AROUND COLUMN N/2
.I -24;"CENTRE N
.I -24;"C N
.I -24;"CENTER "MARGINS M,N ^CENTER NEXT LINE WITH MARGINS
.I -24;"C "MARGINS M,N M AND N
.I -24;"CM M,N
.I -24;"CENTER "WIDTH ^CENTER NEXT LINE AROUND (PAGE
.I -24;"C "WIDTH WIDTH)/2
.I -24;"CW
.S;.I -24
"CHAPTER ^USE REST OF LINE AS ^CHAPTER BUFFER
.I -24;"CH
.S;.I -24
"COMMENT ^IGNORE REST OF LINE
.S;.I -24
"CONTROL "CHARACTERS ^ALLOW CONTROL CHARACTERS
.I -24;"CC
.S;.I -24
"DATE ^GENERATE STANDARD ^SWEDISH DATE
.I -24;"DA
.S;.I -24
"END "LIST ^UNNEST THE LAST "LIST COMMAND
.I -24;"ELS AND LEAVE ONE BLANK LINE
.S;.I -24;"END "NOTE ^UNNEST THE LAST "NOTE COMMAND
.I -24;"EN AND LEAVE ONE BLANK LINE
.S;.I -24;"EVEN "TITLE COMMAND FOR EVEN-NUMBERED PAGES
.S;.I -24
"END "SUBPAGE ^STOP SUBPAGE NUMBERING (RESUME
.I -24;"ES PAGES)
.S;.I -24
.S;.I -24;"ENGLISH ^SET STANDARD PARAMETERS (SEE APPENDIX ^E)
.I -24;"ENG
"FIGURE N ^MAKE SPACE FOR N LINE FIGURE
.I -24;"FG N
.I -24;"FIGURE "DEFERRED N ^SAME EXCEPT MAYBE ON NEXT PAGE
.I -24;"FG "DEFERRED N
.S;.I -24
"FILL ^RESUME "FILLING EACH LINE
.I -24;^F
.TP 5
.S;.I -24
"FLAG ^X C ^RESTORE ^X FLAG CHARACTER (RESET
.I -24;"FL ^X C TO C)
.S;.I -24
"FLAGS "ALL ^RESTORE ALL FLAG CHARACTERS
.I -24;"FLAGS
.S;.I -24
*"FOOTNOTE N ^START AN N-LINE FOOTNOTE
.I -24;"FN
.S;.I -24
"HEADER ^RESUME OUTPUTTING OF HEADER AND
.I -24;"HD FOOTER
.S;.I -24
"INDENT N ^INDENT NEXT LINE
.I -24;^I N
.S;.I -24
"JUSTIFY ^RESUME "JUSTIFYING TEXT
.I -24;^J
.S;.I -24
"LEFT N ^LEFT ADJUST FOLLOWING LINE
.I -24;"L N
.S;.I -24
"LEFT "MARGIN N ^SET LEFT MARGIN
.I -24;"L "MARGIN N
.I -24;"LM N
.S;.I -24
.S;.I -24
.S;.I -24
"LINE GENERATE A LINE BETWEEN MARGINS
.S;.I -24
*"LIST (N) ^INDENT LEFT MARGIN BY 9(N) AND SAVE STATUS
.S;.I -24
"LOWER "CASE ^START TEXT IN LOWER CASE (_\_\)
.I -24;"LC
.S;.I -24
"MARGINS M,N ^SET LEFT AND RIGHT MARGINS
.I -24;^M M,N
.S;.I -24
"NO "AUTOCAPITALIZE ^STOP AUTOCAPITALIZATION MODE
.I -24;"NAC
.S;.I -24
"NO "AUTOPARAGRAPH ^STOP AUTOPARAGRAPH MODE
.I -24;"NAP
.S;.I -24
"NO "CONTROL "CHARACTERS ^DON'T ALLOW CONTROL CHARACTERS
.I -24;"NCC
.S;.I -24
"NOFILL ^STOP "FILLING TEXT
.I -24;"NF
.S;.I -24
"NOFLAG ^X ^DISABLE RECOGNITION OF FLAG
.I -24;"NFL ^X CHARACTER TYPE ^X
.S;.I -24
"NOFLAGS ALL ^DISABLE ALL NON-COLUMN 1 FLAG
.I -24;"NOFLAGS CHARACTERS
.S;.I -24
"NOHEADER ^SUPPRESS PAGE HEADERS AND FOOTERS
.I -24;"NHD
.S;.I -24
"NOJUSTIFY ^STOP "JUSTIFYING LINES
.I -24;"NJ
.S;.I -24
"NONUMBER ^STOP PAGE NUMBERING
.I -24;"NNM
.S;.I -24
"NOPAGING ^STOP SPLITTING OUTPUT INTO PAGES
.I -24;"NPA
.S;.I -24
"NOPERIOD ^STOP DOUBLE SPACING AFTER . : ; !
.I -24;"NPR AND ?
.S;.I -24
"NOTABS "QUOTE ^DISABLE FILLING TABS WITH QUOTED
.I -24;"NTQ SPACES
.S;.I -24
*"NOTE ^INDENT LEFT AND RIGHT MARGINS BY 9
.I -24;"NT FOR FIRST OCCURRENCE AND 4 FOR
.I -24; EACH ADDITIONAL OCCURRENCE
.S;.I -24
"NOTITLE ^DO NOT LEAVE SPACE FOR A TITLE LINE.
.S;.I -24
"NUMBER N ^RESUME PAGE NUMBERING, SET PAGE
.I -24;"NM N NUMBER TO N
.S;.I -24
"ODD "TITLE COMMAND FOR ODD-NUMBERED PAGES
.S;.I -24
"OVER N,M ^SETS THE BINDING MARGINS
.S;.I -24
"PAGE N ^START NEW PAGE, SET PAGE NUMBER TO N
.I -24;"PG N
.S;.I -24
"PAGE#EVEN ^MAKE THE NEXT PAGE NUMBER EVEN.
.S;.I -24
"PAGE#ODD ^MAKE THE NEXT PAGE NUMBER ODD.
.S;.I -24
"PAGE "TOP M,N ^CHANGE TOP OF PAGE MARGIN
.I -24;"PG "TOP M,N
.S;.I -24
*"PAGE "BOTTOM M,N ^CHANGE BOTTOM OF PAGE MARGINS
.I -24;"PG "BOTTOM M,N
.S;.I -24
"PAGE "SIZE M,N ^PAPER IS M LINES BY N COLUMNS
.I -24;"PG "SIZE M,N
.I -24;"PAPER "SIZE M,N
.I -24;"PS M,N
.S;.I -24
"PAGING ^RESUME BREAKING INTO PAGES
.I -24;"PA
.S;.I -24
*"PARAGRAPH I,V,T ^START NEW PARAGRAPH
.I -24;^P I,V,T
.S;.I -24
"PERIOD ^DOUBLE SPACE AFTER . : ; ! AND ?
.I -24;"PR
.S;.I -24
"RESET ^REINITIALIZE ALL INTERNAL VARIABLES
.I -24; AND BUFFERS OF "RUNOFF
.S;.I -24
"RIGHT N ^RIGHT ADJUST FOLLOWING LINE
.I -24;"R N
.S;.I -24
"RIGHT "MARGIN N ^SET RIGHT MARGIN
.I -24;"R "MARGIN N
.I -24;"RM N
.S;.I -24
"SKIP N ^SKIP N*SPACING LINES
.I -24;^S N
.S;.I -24
"SPACING N ^SET SPACING (DEFAULT=1)
.I -24;"SP N
.S;.I -24
"SUBPAGE ^START SUBPAGE LETTERING
.I -24;"SPG
.S;.I -24
"SUBTITLE ^USE REST OF LINE AS SUBTITLE LINE
.I -24;"SUBTTL
.I -24;"ST
.S;.I -24
"SWEDISH ^SET ALL PARAMETERS AS PER APPENDIX#^E
.I -24;"SWE
.S;.I -24
"TAB "STOPS N,N,... ^SET TAB STOPS
.I -24;"TS N,N,...
.S;.I -24
"TABS "ABSOLUTE ^TAB STOPS ARE ABSOLUTE
.I -24;"TA
.S;.I -24
"TABS "QUOTE ^EXPAND TABS WITH QUOTED SPACES
.I -24;"TQ
.S;.I -24
"TABS "RELATIVE ^TAB STOPS ARE RELATIVE TO LEFT
.I -24;"TR MARGIN SETTING
.S;.I -24
"TEST "PAGE N ^SKIP TO NEW PAGE IF LESS THAN N
.I -24;"TP N LINES ON PAGE
.S;.I -24
"TITLE ^USE REST OF LINE AS TITLE
.I -24;^T
.S;.I -24
"UPPER "CASE ^START TEXT IN UPPER CASE (_^_^)
.I -24;"UC
.F;.ODD "APPENDIX#E#ASTRA#"MODIF#TO#"RUNOFF
.EVEN "APPENDIX#E#ASTRA#"MODIF#TO#"RUNOFF
.PAGE
.LM 1
.C;^UNDOCUMENTED "RUNNOFF FEATURES
. ;1) THE COMMANDS "LIST AND "NOTE MAY OPTIONALLY BE FOLLOWED BY A NUMERIC
ARGUMENT I.E. ".LIST N. THIS IS THE NO OF STEPS TO INDENT THE MARGIN.
.BR;2)THE COMMAND ."FIRST "TITLE GIVEN AS THE FIRST COMMAND IN THE INPUT FILE
ALLOWS THE TITLE TO APPEAR ON PAGE 1.
.S 2;.C;"RUNOFF MODIFICATIONS AT "HASSLE
1)PERMANENT MODIFICATIONS OF PROGRAM (I.E. NOT
COMMAND PARAMETER)
.BR ;_."PAGE "SIZE 70,90
. ;2)^COMMAND MODIFICATIONS AT "HASSLE
.BR;THE FOLLOWING COMMANDS ARE UNDERSTOOD IN THE
COMMAND ."ENGLISH (."ENG)
.NF;.LM 7;^^_.FLAG LOWERCASE @
_.FLAG CAPITALIZE
_.PAGE BOTTOM 2,2
_.PAGE TOP 2,2
_.PARAGRAPH 0,2,2
_.AUTOPARAGRAPH
_.HEADER TOP RIGHT UPPER NUMERIC ARABIC
_.LM 10
_.RM 70
_.MARGINS 10,70\\ I FOOTNOTE
.BR;ALSO A BLANK LINE DOES NOT GENERATE PARAGRAPH
.BR;THE COMMAND ."NOTE IS REMOVED TO MAKE ROOM FOR THE EXPANDED
LOGIC IN THE ".LIST COMMAND.
.F
THE COMMAND ."SWEDISH ALSO CHANGES THE "_"PAGE_" TEXT TO "_"SIDA_"
AND ENABLES THE LETTERS ][_\ TO BE HANDELED BY "RUNOFFS
LETTER LOGIC.
.LM 1;.S 2;.C;"CHANGES TO "RUNOFFS PRESENT COMMANDS
.BR;THE COMMAND ".LIST IMPLIES THE FOLLOWING PARAMETER
CHANGES:
.BR;_."LIST N GENERATES:."PARAGRAPH -N;.".MARGIN N;
_."TABS "RELATIVE;.""TABS N;. NO NEW
PARAGRAPH IS GENERATED. THE LOGIC IS THAT ALIGNED PARAGRAPH INDENTS
CAN BE GENERATED BY AUTOPARAGRAPHING IN THE TEXT.
.F;.LM 1;.S 2;.C;^^NEW COMMANDS:\\
.BR;_."DATE GENERATES THE DATE IN ^SWEDISH FORMAT (78-08-01). THE
COMMAND DOES "NOT GENERATE A BREAK.
NOTE THAT THE COMMAND BEHAVES AS IF "RUNOFF HAD SEEN
THE DATE AS AN INLINE TEXT, I.E. NO COMMAND CAN FOLLOW ON THE SAME
LINE.
.BR;_."LINE GENERATES A BREAK FOLLOWED BY ENOUGH UNDERLINE CHARS TO
FILL THE LINE BETWEEN MARGINS.
.S;^THE TEXT LOGIC ALSO ALLOWS FOR GENERATION OF TEXT
COMMANDS OF A MORE SPECIAL NATURE: I.E. THE COMMAND
"_.HA HAS BEEN INCORPORATED TO GENERATE 'HASSLE NAME TEXT.